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SPAWNING MOVEMENTS OF COLORADO SQUAWFISH <br />population there, we recommend research to de- <br />termine the benefits to Colorado squawfish recov- <br />ery of providing passage around existing barriers <br />within its historical range. <br />Acknowledgments <br />This study was supported by the U.S. Bureau <br />of Reclamation and the Municipal Subdistrict of <br />the Northern Colorado Water Conservancy Dis- <br />trict. Assistance in the field was provided by G. <br />Blommer, B. Burdick, S. Ferriole, J. Grimes, P. <br />Mangan, B. Noonan, P. Schrader, R. Smith, P. <br />Van Eimeren, K. Welke, E. Wick, and J. Hawkins. <br />P. Koelsch, K. Lashmett, and R. Williams, all of <br />the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, participated in <br />the effort on Lake Powell. D. Snyder and R. Muth, <br />Colorado State University, identified the larval <br />fish. C. Harris typed the manuscript, which was <br />improved by T. Nesler, R. Muth, W. Hubert, and <br />P. Eschmeyer. The Colorado Division of Wildlife, <br />the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and the <br />National Park Service, Canyonlands National <br />Park, cooperated in the study. <br />References <br />Hamman, R. L. 1981. Spawning and culture of Col- <br />orado squawfish in raceways. Progressive Fish-Cul- <br />turist 43:173-177. <br />Haynes, C. M., T. A. Lytle, E. J. Wick, and R. T. Muth. <br />1984. Larval Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus <br />lucius Girard) in the upper Colorado River Basin, <br />Colorado, 1979-1981. Southwestern Naturalist 29: <br />21-33. <br />Haynes, C. M., R. T. Muth, and T. P. Nesler. 1985. <br />Identification of habitat requirements and limiting <br />factors for Colorado squawfish and humpback chub. <br />Colorado Division of Wildlife, Job Final Report <br />SE-3-4, Fort Collins, Colorado. <br />Mahon, R. 1984. Divergent structure in fish taxocenes <br />of north temperate streams. Canadian Journal of <br />Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41:330-350. <br />Marsh, P. C. 1985. Effect of incubation temperature <br />on survival of embryos of native Colorado River <br />fishes. Southwestern Naturalist 30:129-140. <br />345 <br />Nesler, T. P., R. T. Muth, and A. F. Wasowicz. 1988. <br />Evidence for baseline flow spikes as spawning cues <br />for Colorado squawfish in the Yampa River, Col- <br />orado. American Fisheries Society Symposium 5: <br />68-79. <br />Netboy, A. 1974. The salmon, their fight for survival. <br />Houghton-Mifflin, Boston. <br />Snyder, D. 1981. Contributions to a guide to the cy- <br />priniform fish larvae of the upper Colorado River <br />system in Colorado. U.S. Department of Interior, <br />Bureau of Land Management, Biological Sciences <br />Series 3, Denver. <br />Tyus, H. M. 1985. Homing behavior noted for Colo- <br />rado squawfish. Copeia 1985:213-215. <br />Tyus, H. M. 1986. Life strategies in the evolution of <br />the Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius). Great <br />Basin Naturalist 46:656-661. <br />Tyus, H. M., R. L. Jones, and L. A. Trinca. 1987. Green <br />River rare and endangered fish studies, 1982-1985. <br />Final Report, Colorado River fishes monitoring <br />project. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Vernal, Utah. <br />Tyus, H. M., and C. W. McAda. 1984. Migration, <br />movements and habitat preferences of Colorado <br />squawfish, Ptychocheilus lucius, in the Green, White <br />and Yampa rivers, Colorado and Utah. Southwest- <br />ern Naturalist 29:289-299. <br />Valdez, R., P. Mangan, R. Smith, and B. Nilson. 1982. <br />Upper Colorado River investigation (Rifle, Colo- <br />rado to Lake Powell, Utah). Pages 101-279 in W. <br />H. Miller, D. L. Archer, and J. Valentine, editors. <br />Colorado River fishery project final report. Part two, <br />field studies. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and <br />Bureau of Reclamation. Salt Lake City, Utah. <br />Vanicek, C. D., and R. H. Kramer. 1969. Life history <br />of the Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius, and <br />the Colorado chub, Gila robusta, in the Green River <br />in Dinosaur National Monument, 1964-1966. <br />Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 98: <br />193-208. <br />Wick, E. J., D. L. Stoneburner, and J. A. Hawkins. <br />1983. Observations on the ecology of Colorado <br />squawfish (Ptychocheilus Lucius) in the Yampa Riv- <br />er, Colorado, 1982. U.S. National Park Service, <br />Water Resources Field Support Laboratory, Tech- <br />nical Report 83-7, Fort Collins, Colorado. <br />Received December 11, 1989 <br />Accepted October 15, 1990