SPAWNING MOVEMENTS OF COLORADO SQUAWFISH
<br />population there, we recommend research to de-
<br />termine the benefits to Colorado squawfish recov-
<br />ery of providing passage around existing barriers
<br />within its historical range.
<br />Acknowledgments
<br />This study was supported by the U.S. Bureau
<br />of Reclamation and the Municipal Subdistrict of
<br />the Northern Colorado Water Conservancy Dis-
<br />trict. Assistance in the field was provided by G.
<br />Blommer, B. Burdick, S. Ferriole, J. Grimes, P.
<br />Mangan, B. Noonan, P. Schrader, R. Smith, P.
<br />Van Eimeren, K. Welke, E. Wick, and J. Hawkins.
<br />P. Koelsch, K. Lashmett, and R. Williams, all of
<br />the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, participated in
<br />the effort on Lake Powell. D. Snyder and R. Muth,
<br />Colorado State University, identified the larval
<br />fish. C. Harris typed the manuscript, which was
<br />improved by T. Nesler, R. Muth, W. Hubert, and
<br />P. Eschmeyer. The Colorado Division of Wildlife,
<br />the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and the
<br />National Park Service, Canyonlands National
<br />Park, cooperated in the study.
<br />References
<br />Hamman, R. L. 1981. Spawning and culture of Col-
<br />orado squawfish in raceways. Progressive Fish-Cul-
<br />turist 43:173-177.
<br />Haynes, C. M., T. A. Lytle, E. J. Wick, and R. T. Muth.
<br />1984. Larval Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus
<br />lucius Girard) in the upper Colorado River Basin,
<br />Colorado, 1979-1981. Southwestern Naturalist 29:
<br />21-33.
<br />Haynes, C. M., R. T. Muth, and T. P. Nesler. 1985.
<br />Identification of habitat requirements and limiting
<br />factors for Colorado squawfish and humpback chub.
<br />Colorado Division of Wildlife, Job Final Report
<br />SE-3-4, Fort Collins, Colorado.
<br />Mahon, R. 1984. Divergent structure in fish taxocenes
<br />of north temperate streams. Canadian Journal of
<br />Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41:330-350.
<br />Marsh, P. C. 1985. Effect of incubation temperature
<br />on survival of embryos of native Colorado River
<br />fishes. Southwestern Naturalist 30:129-140.
<br />345
<br />Nesler, T. P., R. T. Muth, and A. F. Wasowicz. 1988.
<br />Evidence for baseline flow spikes as spawning cues
<br />for Colorado squawfish in the Yampa River, Col-
<br />orado. American Fisheries Society Symposium 5:
<br />68-79.
<br />Netboy, A. 1974. The salmon, their fight for survival.
<br />Houghton-Mifflin, Boston.
<br />Snyder, D. 1981. Contributions to a guide to the cy-
<br />priniform fish larvae of the upper Colorado River
<br />system in Colorado. U.S. Department of Interior,
<br />Bureau of Land Management, Biological Sciences
<br />Series 3, Denver.
<br />Tyus, H. M. 1985. Homing behavior noted for Colo-
<br />rado squawfish. Copeia 1985:213-215.
<br />Tyus, H. M. 1986. Life strategies in the evolution of
<br />the Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius). Great
<br />Basin Naturalist 46:656-661.
<br />Tyus, H. M., R. L. Jones, and L. A. Trinca. 1987. Green
<br />River rare and endangered fish studies, 1982-1985.
<br />Final Report, Colorado River fishes monitoring
<br />project. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Vernal, Utah.
<br />Tyus, H. M., and C. W. McAda. 1984. Migration,
<br />movements and habitat preferences of Colorado
<br />squawfish, Ptychocheilus lucius, in the Green, White
<br />and Yampa rivers, Colorado and Utah. Southwest-
<br />ern Naturalist 29:289-299.
<br />Valdez, R., P. Mangan, R. Smith, and B. Nilson. 1982.
<br />Upper Colorado River investigation (Rifle, Colo-
<br />rado to Lake Powell, Utah). Pages 101-279 in W.
<br />H. Miller, D. L. Archer, and J. Valentine, editors.
<br />Colorado River fishery project final report. Part two,
<br />field studies. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
<br />Bureau of Reclamation. Salt Lake City, Utah.
<br />Vanicek, C. D., and R. H. Kramer. 1969. Life history
<br />of the Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius, and
<br />the Colorado chub, Gila robusta, in the Green River
<br />in Dinosaur National Monument, 1964-1966.
<br />Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 98:
<br />193-208.
<br />Wick, E. J., D. L. Stoneburner, and J. A. Hawkins.
<br />1983. Observations on the ecology of Colorado
<br />squawfish (Ptychocheilus Lucius) in the Yampa Riv-
<br />er, Colorado, 1982. U.S. National Park Service,
<br />Water Resources Field Support Laboratory, Tech-
<br />nical Report 83-7, Fort Collins, Colorado.
<br />Received December 11, 1989
<br />Accepted October 15, 1990
|