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24 M.-F. O'Grady and J. Curtin drainage rehabilitation programmes and other factors. The authors would not suggest that the findings in rela- tion to these two catchments neces- sarily reflect the effects of drainage on all Irish salmonid catchments. One of the most important lessons learned by the authors in relation to these statistics is that the removal of structures, natural or man made, which are ponding significant lengths of channel can of itself significantly in- crease the salmonid productivity of rivers in specific circumstances. This paper illustrates the complex- ity of issues to be faced if one is to give serious consideration to limiting the impact of drainage works on fish- eries and shows the extent to which an interdisciplinary bio-engineering approach is a pre-requisite to achiev- ing ones objectives. REFERENCES Binns N.A., 1982. Habitat quality index procedures manual. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Boon P.J., Callow P. and Petts G.E., 1992. River conservation and management. Wiley and Sons, Chichester. Brookes A., 1987. River channel adjus- tments downstream from channeliza- tion works in England and Wales. Earth Surface Processes and Land- forms, 12, 337-351. Brookes A., 1992. Recovery and restora- tion of some engineered British river channels. In : River Conservation and Management, Ed. Boon, P.J. Calow, P. and Petts G.E. Caffrey J., 1990. The classification, eco- logy and dynamics of aquatic plant communities in some irish rivers. Ph.D. Thesis, National University of Ireland. C.E.C (Council of the European Commu- nities), 1978. Council directive of July 18th, 1978 on the quality of freshwa- ters needing protection or improve- ment in order to support fish life. (78/659/EEC). Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L222/1. Cupp C.E., 1989a. Identifying spatial va- riability of stream characteristics through classification. MS Thesis, Uni- versity of Washington, Seattle. Cupp C.E., 1989b. "Stream corridor clas- sification for forested lands of Was- hington". Washington Forest Protection Association, Olympia, Was- hington. Darnell R.M., 1978. Dredge and fill, dams, dykes and channelisation. In : Proc. National Wetland Protection Sympo- sium, Restin, Virginia, June 1977. Duff D., 1988. Indexed bibliography of stream habitat, improvement. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Intermountain Region Wildlife Management Staff. Fluskey R., 1989. An analysis of the gra- vels used by spawning salmonids in Ireland. Ir. Fish. Invest. Series A (Freshwater) No. 32. Hermansen H. and Kregs C., 1984. In- fluences of physical factors on density of stocked brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L,) in a Danish lowland stream. Fish. Mgmt. 15, No. 3, 107-115. Howard J. 1993. Drainage, flood relief and river management. In : Water is Life Conference, Royal Dublin Society, Ed. C. Mollan. Hynes H.B.N., 1970. The ecology of run- ning waters. Liverpool University Press. Karr J.R. and Schlosser I.J., 1978. Water resources and the land-water inter- face. Science, 201, 229-234.