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<br />Although soon after the Compact was siqned Wyominq's <br />Compact Commissioner (and subsequently Governor) Frank <br />Emerson congratulated himself and his colleaques upon <br />achieving a "concise ... final form ~hat would not be <br />misinterpreted,"12 the Compact has qenerated many conflicts. <br />Perhaps the most intractable current issue concerns the <br />relationship between Paraqraphs (a) and (d) of Article III. <br />It is frequently presumed that Paraqraph (d) allows the Lower <br />Basin to exercise "the first call on the water up to a total <br /> <br />/ <br /> <br />of 7,500,000 acre-feet each 10 years, "13 as Herbert Hoover <br />! <br />expressed the theory to Arizona's conqressmanfHayden in <br />i <br />1923. In periods of short supply, though, suqh a demand <br />! <br />would deny the Upper Basin the 7,500,000 acre-feet appor- <br /> <br />tioned to it" in perpetuity," apparently contrary to the <br /> <br />meaning of Paraqraph (a). <br /> <br />B. The Boulder Canyon Project Act <br /> <br />I <br />Following three unsuccessful efforts in vario~s sessions <br />of Congress, the fourth heavi1yamended vers~on of the <br />"Swing-Johnson" bill14 was passed as the Boul er Canyon <br />Project Act of 1928, 43 U.S.c. 1617 (1976). <br />authorized the construction of the Hoover Dam <br /> <br /> <br />actually built in Black, not Boulder, canyon) and <br />American Canal between Laquna Dam (now Imperial 0 ) on the <br />Lower River and the Imperial and Coachella valley. The Act <br />required the Secretary of Interior to contrac for the <br />. I <br />storaqe and delivery of water from Lake Head a d for the <br /> <br />-6- <br />