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CONTENTS Abs tract......................................................................................................................... ......................................................... 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. .......................................................... 2 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgments............................... ................. ............................................... ............................................ ............ 4 Description of Study Area..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Data Sources and Compilation.............................................................................................................................................. 7 Methods of Data Review and Analysis.................................................................................................................................. 18 Surface Water................................................................................................................................................. ........................ 20 Water Quantity....................................................................................................................................................... ...... 20 Water Quality........................................................................................................................................................ ....... 25 Field Properties.................................................................................................................................................. 25 Inorganic Constituents....................................................................................................................................... 29 Organic Constituents.................................................................................................................. ........................ 42 Sediment...................................................................................................................... ...................................... 43 Streambed Sediment and Tissue Chemistry ................................................................................................................ 43 Organochlorine Compounds........................................................................................................................................ 43 Trace Elements ........................................................................ ..... ....... ..... ............................ .................. ........... 44 Ground Water.......................................................................................................................................................... ............... 45 Water Quantity............................................................................................................................................................. 45 Water Quality....................................................................................................................................................... ........ 45 Inorganic Constituents.............. ........................................ ...... .......................................................... ................. 47 Organic Constituents.................................................................................................................. ........................ 50 Other Constituents....................................................................................................................................................... 50 Other Ground-Water Data............................................................................................................................................ 50 Dating Analysis...................................................................................................................................................... ..... 51 Aquatic Ecology.............................................................................................................................................................. ...... 52 Algae.. ...... ...................................................................................... ...................... ........................... ..... ....... ..... ...... ...... 53 Macroinvertebrates .............................................................................................................................. ........................ 56 Gore Creek................. ..... ....... ...................... ............................ ............ ..... ............................ ..... ....... ...... ........... 56 Black Gore Creek.............................................................................................................................................. 60 Fish .............................................................................................................................. ................................................ 61 Relations Among Water Quality, Aquatic Ecology, and Bed-Sediment and Tissue Chemistry ............................................ 63 Summary. ................................. ....... ............... ....... ................. ..... ........................................ ..... ............ ....................... ........... 65 References Cited......................................................................................................................... ........................................... 69 FIGURES 1-6. Maps showing: 1. Location of the Gore Creek watershed............................................................................................................. 3 2. Average annual precipitation (1951-80) in the Gore Creek watershed............................................................ 5 3. Geology of the Gore Creek watershed ............................................................................................................. 6 4. Land use for the Gore Creek watershed ........................................................................................................... 8 5. Surface-water-quality sampling sites in the Gore Creek watershed................................................................. 13 6. Aquatic-ecology sampling sites, 1995-97........................................................................................................ 14 7. Graph showing distribution of sampling dates and period of record for nutrient samples at surface-water sampling sites .................................................................................................................. 15 8. Distribution of sampling dates and period of record for trace-element samples at surface-water sampling sites................................................................................................................................ 16 9. Map showing ground-water sampling sites, 1988-97 ............................................................................................. 17 CONTENTS III