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7/14/2009 5:02:32 PM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
8097
Author
American Fisheries Society.
Title
Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting, Colorado - Wyoming Chapter, American Fisheries Society.
USFW Year
1983.
USFW - Doc Type
March 2-3, 1983.
Copyright Material
NO
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<br />reached. Their suggestion is corroborated by the observations of Oliver et <br />ale (1979) and the model of Shuter et ale (1980) which illustrate that small- <br />mouth bass must reach a critical size by the end of their first growing sea- <br />son in order to survive the subsequent winter. <br />The northerly limit of the distribution of both largemouth and small- <br />mouth bass can be related to agricultural growing season or frost free days. <br />Observation of the native ranges of both species (Robbins and MacCrimmon <br />1974) and the average length of the growing season across the northern por- <br />tions of the United States (Lowers 1960) shows the northern edge of their <br />native ranges to correspond closely with an average growing season of 120 <br />days. As a result of human intervention both species have been spread north- <br />ward and have become naturalized in areas with shorter growing seasons. <br />Smallmouth bass now support Canadian sport fisheries in areas with 95-100 <br />frost free days, while largemouth bass occur in areas with 100-110 day grow- <br />ing seasons. <br /> <br />LIMITS TO WYOMING DISTRIBUTION <br /> <br />If a 100 day growing season is considered the minimum at which large- <br />mouth and smallmouth bass can become naturalized their potential distribu- <br />tion in Wyoming impoundments can be estimated. Data on the mean length of <br />the growing season, altitude, and latitude of 42 scattered locations across <br />Wyoming were assessed. A curvilinear relation between growing season and <br />altitude was observed (Figure 1). Evaluation of this relation between alti- <br />tude and growing season using multiple regression analysis indicated that <br />62% of the variability in length of growing season could be accounted for <br />from knowledge of altitude. Addition of latitude as a variable did not sig- <br />nificantly increase the variance accounted for by the regression. Figure 1 <br />suggests that a 100 day or longer growing season occurs at altitudes less <br />than 1900m (6200 ft.). Thus, the distribution of black bass in Wyoming <br />would be expected to be limited to altitudes less than 1900m (6200 ft.). <br />Shuter et ale (1980) showed that the mean July air temperature influ- <br />ences first year survival of smallmouth bass. Mean July air temperatures <br />for 33 locations in Wyoming were plotted against altitude (Figure 2). Eval- <br />uation of the curvilinear relation showed that 68% of the variability in <br />mean July air temperature was accounted for from knowledge of altitude. <br />Knowledge of latitude did not significantly increase the variance accounted <br />for by the regression. Using the model of Shuter et ale (1980) that relates <br />mean July air temperature to the overwinter survival of young-of-year smal1- <br />mouth bass, it is predicted that at altitudes greater than 1900m (6200 ft.) <br />the mean survival over winter would be between 0.0 and 0.5. At altitudes <br />below 1900m (6200 ft.), mean survival would be expected to be between 0.9 <br />and 1.0. These relations between overwinter survival of young-of-year fish <br />and altitude again suggest that the distribution of black bass in Wyoming <br />should be limited to altitudes less than 1900m (6200 ft.). <br />Data on the known distribution of largemouth bass and smallmouth bass <br />were obtained from the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Records of large- <br />mouth bass in 164 impoundments and smallmouth bass in 8 impoundments were <br />found. A check of the altitude at which the impoundments were located <br />showed four largemouth bass populations above 1900m (6200 ft.) and three at <br /> <br />II] <br />
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