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Contents iii Contents Abstra ct .... .............. .................... ...................... ............................................ .... ..... ...................................... ...1 Chapter 1. The Fish ........................................................................................................................................2 Overview ................................................................................................................................................2 Current Status of Bonytail and Razorback Sucker..........................................................................2 Status of the Bonytail..................................................................................................................2 Status of the Razorback Sucker ...............................................................................................4 Propagation and Stoc king ......................... ..........................................................................................4 Stocking Programs and Relative Success .......................................................................................6 Centra I Arizon a . ........ .......................... ........................ ..................................................................6 Senator Wash, California ................. ..........................................................................................6 La ke M ohave ......................................"............ ........................ ............. .......................................6 La ke H ava su . ................................................................................................................................6 Lower Colorado River (Downstream of Parker Dam) ............................................................8 Upper Colorado River ........................".........................................................................................8 San Juan River .............................................................................................................................8 Prog n osis ... .................................................. ..........................................................................................8 Stu dy 0 b je ctives ......................................... ................................................... ........................ ...............8 Ecology of Bonytail and Razorback Suck,er .....................................................................................9 Ca ptu re T e c hn iq u es ................................................................ ....................................................9 B 0 nyta i I ................................................................ ................................................................9 La rva e .............................." ...................................................... .................. .................9 La rg e r B onyta i I....................................................... ....................................................9 Razorbac k Sucker...................... .......................................................................................1 0 Larvae ............................... .......................................................................................1 0 Larger Razorback Suckers .....................................................................................1 0 Morta Iity Issues ...............................................................................................................12 Bonyta il Life History ..................................................................................................................13 Physica I Description .......................................................................................................13 Distribution and Abundance ..........................................................................................14 Diet ........................................ .......................................................................................14 Pa ra sites ............................................ .................... .... .... ..................... .... .... .................... ...16 Age-Length Distribution ............. ......................................................................................16 Longevity ..................................... ......................................................................................16 Habitats and Ha bits .................., ......................................................................................17 Beaver Association ........... ......................................................................................17 Movement ................................... ......................................................................................17 Reprodu ction .............................., ......................................................................................18 Spawning Site Selection .......................................................................................18 Spawning Behavior ................................................................................................19 Genera I Behavior .............................................................................................................19 Fry and Juveniles (<10 cm) ....................................................................................20 Adu Its (> 10 cm) ........................................................................................................20