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<br />Park City and Moenkopi Formations crop out, are tributary to the Vampa River in this subreach. <br />Further, field observation indicates that there are also a large number of seeps and springs at the <br />contact between the Morgan Formation and the Weber Sandstone in the subreach. Evidence of salt <br />efflorescence (mainly calcium carbonate) at the seeps and springs is widespread. Carbonate-rich <br />springs are located at the base of the left valley wall at approximately XS 8 at Mathers Hole. on the right <br />valley wall between XS 3 and XS 4 at C1eopatras Couch, and at the Alternate Spawning Bar (RM l8.5R). <br /> <br />The origin of the carbonate-rich cement at Mathers Hole is probably related to the fine <br />sediments produced by the two south bank tributaries at Harding Hole. However. flocculation of slits <br />and clays usually requires a pH change. The carbonate-rich seeps and springs may be the reason for <br />the pH change. The pH of water associated with the mud sample was 8.3, which is indicative of alkaline <br />conditions that are capable of causing flocculation. <br /> <br />It is evident that considerably more water chemistry data will have to be collected and analyzed <br />before any conclusions can be drawn regarding the role of water chemistry in defining squawfish <br />spawning habitat. However, given the frequency of biological observation trips down the Vampa River <br />at varying times of the year, and at a wide range of discharges, it would not be difficult to begin to <br />collect simple water chemistry data. <br /> <br />3.35 Resource Consultants & Engineers. Inc. <br />