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<br />closed using 4-5 sutures of 3/0 or 4/0 dissolving catgut or permanent surgical <br />thread and curved needles held by a hemostat clamp. All surgical instruments <br />and the wax-coated transmitter would be soaked in a disinfecting iodine <br />solution and rinsed prior to surgery. The incision site on the fish was also <br />cleansed with disinfectant solution and rinsed prior to surgery. <br />During the operation, an assistant would repeatedly pour water over the <br />fish's gills and upper body to maintain ventilation and prevent drying. The <br />assistant used either water dosed with MS-222 from the tub or fresh river <br />water for this process. The fish's status during surgery was monitored using <br />the fish's gilling activity. Reduced gilling activity signified an increasing <br />risk of death to the fish. Fresh river water was used primarily for <br />ventilation during surgery until the fish began recovering from the effect of <br />MS-222. This was noted by increasing body movements that might disturb the <br />surgical process. Anesthetic-dosed water would be used periodically <br />throughout the surgery to keep the fish calm. Upon completion of surgery, the <br />fish was placed in an elongate, mesh bag and placed in the river to recover <br />from anesthesia. After 30-60 minutes, the fish would be removed from the bag, <br />the surgical area checked for adequate closure, and the fish allowed to swim <br />away under its own power. The fish was released when it was capable of <br />swimming strongly enough to elude recapture by hand. <br />With the presence of radio-tagged northern pike in various river reaches, <br />subsequent sampling trips included searching for these fish via radio <br />tracking. Using an ATS receiver and 2.5 m whip antenna to monitor the various <br />frequencies employed, a given river reach would be searched for signals <br />emitted by northern pike suspected of being present within the reach. Upon <br />detection of a specific signal, continued approach toward the location would <br />be made as quietly as possible to avoid disturbing th~ fish. Using the ATS <br />receiver with a Smith Root directional antenna tuned to the 30-3~ MHz <br />frequency range, the location of the signal would be pinpointed by <br />triangulation from shore to determine the habitat type occupied by the fish. <br />Thereafter, the fish would be monitored for 15-30 minutes to determine its <br />level of activity. This would be classified as stationary, active within a <br />specific habitat, or progressive movement upstream or downstream. During this <br />time, the presence and location of adjacent habitat types, cover, and aquatic <br /> <br />6 <br /> <br />~ ~ <br /> <br />~ <br />