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51 Research recommendations 1.) Rate nonnative and native fish interactions as a high priority area of investigation. 2.) Direct research towards specific questions of interactions, rather than general studies that infer effects as an afterthought. 3.) Direct research at the most abundant or potentially harmful species. These include channel catfish, northern pike, green sunfish, red shiner, common carp, and fathead mmnow. 4.) Suspected negative interactions should be confirmed with laboratory or controlled field settings when feasible, followed by field investigations to confirm results in the wild. 5.) Initial research on predatory or competitive interactions should be targeted at simple investigations between one native and one introduced species. 6.) Laboratory research should focus on sequential testing from simple confirmation of a predatory or competitive interaction between two species to repetitions of experiments under expected field conditions (e.g. temperature, substrate, current velocity, turbidity, cover, prey and predator density, alternate prey choices). 7.) Research should target a) impacts of small bodied forms of introduced fishes to the reproductive success and YOY survival of native fish, and b) field-oriented manipulation/response experiments using adult fish in important habitats (e.g. removal of introduced predators from spring backwaters). 8.) Research establishing the cause-effect relationship between reproductive success, spawning, or other life history activities of small-bodied introduced species with major flow regime events should be pursued to validate the use of flow manipulation or instream flow acquisition/protection to reduce reproductive success and early life survival of these abundant species. 9.) The effect of habitat enhancement or restoration favoring native endangered fishes should also be evaluated for expected negative impacts to introduced species via abundance and habitat use patterns. 10.) If endangered fishes are stocked within the upper basin, it is important to ascertain the level and effect of predation on their numbers. This information would be useful for future stocking and may indicate problems with wild fish recruitment. 11.) Research using razorback sucker should seek to build upon the nucleus of results of previous studies in the lower basin that confirmed predation upon this species by various introduced species.