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Last modified
7/14/2009 5:02:35 PM
Creation date
5/22/2009 4:44:46 PM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
9444
Author
Hawkins, J. A.
Title
X-ray Assessment of Electrofishing Injury of Colorado Pikeminnow.
USFW Year
2002.
USFW - Doc Type
Recovery Program Project 64,
Copyright Material
NO
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<br />was followed for each x-ray exposure to insure suitable radiographs and to keep human <br />exposure to limits "as low as reasonably achievable". The x-ray unit was mounted <br />under a heavy duty, photographic tripod to take a vertical x-ray with the fish and film <br />cassette positioned on the ground. Power was supplied by a 110 volt (V), 3-kilowatt, <br />Honda generator. Output of the x-ray unit was adjustable between 10 milliamp (mA) @ <br />75-kilovolt peak (kVp) to 15 mA @ 50kVp at 71-cm focal-film-distance. Total filtration <br />was 3.0-mm aluminum including 0.5-mm aluminum collimator filtration. <br />Two film cassettes were used to allow both ventral and lateral x-rays without <br />changing film and to reduce time that fish were out of water. Each film cassette was 18 <br />X 43 cm, Kodak, X-Omatic (KP 76015-C) with a Kodak, Lanex Medium, intensifying <br />screen. X-ray film was Kodak, TMG RA. For each x-ray, the cassette was loaded with <br />film, wrapped in a plastic bag, placed on the ground under the tripod, leveled with a <br />small bubble level, and aligned with the collimator beam. During collimator alignment <br />the tripod was covered with a canvas tarp to provide a dark environment for centering <br />the collimator's illuminated cross hairs on the film cassette. After alignment the tarp <br />was opened before each x-ray exposure. Radiographic views included lateral (left side <br />toward x-ray beam) and ventro-dorsal (ventral side toward x-ray beam) with head left <br />(Morgan 1993). The ventro-dorsal view positioned the fish dorsal side down in order to <br />locate the vertebrae close to the film to insure a diagnostic radiograph (Douglas and <br />Williamson 1980). <br />A technique chart was created to determine the correct x-ray machine settings to <br />produce a diagnostic radiograph (Morgan 1993). Initial technique was based on <br />radiographs of a dead, surrogate fish (walleye, Stizostedion vitreum) of a size and mass <br />5 <br />
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