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<br />are also highly susceptible. However, studies have <br />shown that such organisms are able to quickly <br />re-populate an area when the toxicity ends. No <br />long term or short term effects on population <br />abundance, dominant species, or species diversity <br />have been found. <br />Snails, clams, and crayfish are not affected by <br />rotenone levels used in fisheries management. <br />Q. What would be the effect on gulls, ducks and other <br />birds that might be using the water area? <br />A. Birds have about the same range of susceptibility as <br />mammals and are quite resistant to rotenone. In <br />general, young birds are more susceptible than adults. <br />There is no likelihood that birds would be affected by <br />rotenone, even if applied at rates many times that <br />used in fish control operations, because of the low <br />toxicity, low intake, and low exposure. <br />Q. Is rotenone likely to kill warm-blooded animals if <br />they live around a treated pond? <br />A. The maximum allowed application rate is 5 mg of <br />formulation per liter of water. The amount of <br />rotenone contained in such an application rate would <br />be 0.25 mg/liter. Laboratory studies have shown that <br />it would not be possible to consume enough treated <br />water to acquire even a dose equal to the "no effect" <br />level. A 22 pound dog (10 kg) would have to drink <br />33.6 pounds (4.2 gallons) of water. In addition to its <br />rapid breakdown, the toxicity of rotenone to wildlife <br />and humans is low and no poisoning of birds, <br />mammals or humans would result. <br />Q. If I wish to obtain more information about fishery <br />uses of rotenone and its effects on the environment, <br />where can I obtain such information? <br />A. An excellent review of rotenone uses is provided in <br />the Draft Programatic Environmental Impact Report <br />entitled Rotenone Use for Fisheries Management. This <br />document is dated April, 1985 and was published by <br />the California Department of Fish and Game. <br />California Dept. of Fish & Game <br />Environmental Services Branch <br />Pesticide Investigations Unit <br />1701 Nimbus Road, Suite F <br />Rancho Cordova, CA 95670