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RELATION$HIl'S OF BIRDS, LIZARDS, AND NOCTURNAL RODENTS TO THEIR I IABITAT IN TUCSON, ARIZONA Table 2. (continued) Spearman correlations among 15 habitat variables measured in Tucson. DISM DISP DISR DISM DISP 0.68' DISR 0.62' 0.6T` • =significant at P _<0.05. Lizards. I encountered 9 species of lizards during censuring (Appendix C). Whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus spp.) were the most abundant, totalling 122 individuals, in part because members of this genus were not identified to species. The tree lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) was the most abundant single species observed (n = 33). The least abundant species I observed were side- blotched (Uta Stansburuzna, n = 1) and regal horned lizards (Phrynosoma solare, n = 1). Whiptail lizards were also the most widely distributed lizards seen, occurring in 67 of 130 plots, followed by desert spiny lizards (Sceloporus magister) which were present in 40 plots. Side- blotched and regal horned lizards were the least widely distributed lizards observed. Lizard species richness ranged from 0-5 species, with a mean of 1.4 ± 0.09 species per plot. Lizard plots averaged 1.7 ± 0.15 individuals and ranged from 0-9 individuals. Nocturnal Rodents. One hundred forty-four individuals representing 5 species of nocturnal rodents were trapped (Appendix D). The most abundant species I detected was the desert pocket mouse (Chaetodipus penicilatus), with 45 individuals trapped. Least abundant and least wide-spread was the house mouse, of which 4 individuals occurred at 2 of the 8 sites. The most wide-spread rodents were the desert pocket mouse, Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriamz), and the white-throated wood rat (Neotoma aCbigula), each of which was present at 6 of the 8 sites. Vllildlife -Land Cover Relationships Breeding Birds. Distance from undeveloped patches (DISP, Table 1; see Appendix E for complete variable descriptions) correlated with total abundances for 9 (43%) of the bird species (Table 3, Fig. 3). Distance from patch correlated positively with the 4non-native species and northern mockingbirds (Mirnus polyglottos) while verdins (Psaltriparus minimus), black-tailed gnatcatchers (Polioptila melanura), black-throated sparrows (Amphispiza bilineata), and northern flickers (Colaptes auratus) were all negatively correlated with distance from patches. House density (HDEI~ correlated with 8 (38%) of the bird species. House density correlated positively with the 4non-native species and northern mockingbirds and negatively with verdins, black- tailed gnatcatchers, and black-throated sparrows. Percent area covered by upper Sonoran vegetation (USV), percent area covered by apartments and small business buildings (PCTA), and washes in their natural, undisturbed state (RIPU) each correlated with 7 (33%) of the bird species. Upper Sonoran vegetation was positively correlated with black-tailed gnatcatchers and negatively correlated with the 4non-native species, northern mockingbirds, and great-tailed grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus). Percent area covered by apartments and small business buildings correlated positively with house sparrows, and rock doves and negatively with Gambel's quail (Callipepla gambeliz), pyrrhuloxias (Cardinalis sinuatus), black- tailed gnatcatchers, black-throated sparrows, and northern flickers. Undisturbed riparian correlated positively with pyrrhuloxias and negatively with the 4non-native species, northern mockingbirds, and great-tailed grackles. The percent urban-open exotic land area (comprised of >_ 60 percent non- native tree and shrub composition, and 530 percent total tree canopy closure [URGE]) correlated with 6 (29%) of the 21 bird species. Percent urban-open exotic correlated positively with house sparrows, rock doves, and Inca doves and negatively with verdins, black-tailed gnatcatchers, and black-throated sparrows. Distance to mainland areas (DISM) correlated with 3 (14%) of the bird species. Distance from mainland correlated positively with house sparrows and rock doves and negatively with black-throated sparrows. Distance from undisturbed washes (DISR) and the percent (urban savannah land covered by vegetated areas disturbed from a natural state having 30-60% tree canopy closure [URBS]) each correlated with 2 (10%) of the bird species. Distance from riparian correlated positively with Inca doves and rock doves. Percent urban savannah correlated positively with white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) and negatively with black-throated STEPHEN S. GERMAINE 1995 ARIZONA GAME ~i FISH DEPARTMENT, TECH. REP. 20 15