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<br />JAMES E. DEACON AND W. LMINCKLEY
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<br />Fig, .1a, Sycamore Creek at Sheep Crossing, Maricopa County, Arizona July,
<br />1972 at a flow of about 0.33 m'/minute. Discharge at this point is typically less
<br />than 0.4 m'/minute. Photograph by Robert L. Smith.
<br />
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<br />
<br />temperatures in the Colorado or Murray-Darling systems rarely drop below
<br />100 or 120C in the winter. Temperatures in the main channel also are
<br />moderate in the summer, rarely exceeding 30oC, despite intense radiation
<br />which produces air temperatures that average near 40oC, and often range
<br />to more than 50oC. This maximum water temperature is scarcely greater
<br />than that achieved in large, temperate rivers of Europe and the United
<br />States, and is presumably maintained through evaporation from the flowing
<br />water into exccedingly dry air (Weatherley, 1963a). Backwaters and more
<br />lentic areas often exceed 350C at the surface in summer.
<br />Highest temperatures in small, flowing Arizona creeks have been re-
<br />corded in July and August; maxima range from 240 to 40.30C. Higher
<br />temperatures often are present in backwaters (330-42.70C). Pronounced
<br />variability occurs linearly in some creeks, with cold spots where subsurface
<br />water rises at a dike and hot spots after longcr flow on the surface and
<br />(possible) sinking of cool~r watcrs into interstices. This also may occur
<br />in larger rivcrs whcre coarse bottom materials allow slow pcrcolation of
<br />night-cooled water into warm water of the day (Campbell: 1962). Inflow
<br />from springs may also amliliorate temperatures, as may shading by stream-
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