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<br />, , <br />'. <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />j: <br />I <br /> <br />\, <br />! <br />I; <br />II <br />1 <br />l <br /> <br />f <br />It <br /> <br />II <br /> <br />Uel'orClIil, Bl'ix, and Adams <br /> <br />Lemly, A., D. .and SI~ith, G. J. 1987. Aquatic cycling of selenium: implications for fish <br />and ~lldhfe. U.S. Dept. of the IlIleriQr, Fish and Wildlife Service, Lcallet 12. <br />Waslungton, D.C. 10 pp. ' <br /> <br />Lilleb~, 1-1, P, Shan~r, S., Carlson, .0., Richard, N., and DuBowy, P. 1988. Regulation of <br />agricultural dramage to the San Joaquin Rivcr. Slate Water Resources COlllrol <br />Board, SWRCB Order No. W.Q. 85-1. <br /> <br />Og~e, R. S. ~nd ~ight, A. W. 1989, E,/Tects of elevated foodborne selenium on growth <br />and repl(Jducuon of the fathead IlIl1lnuw (Pimc"'lUlesp/'OlI/eltu). A,.cI, ElIvil1J11'" I <br />Toxicol, 18, 795-803. r '. ,.011 (,m, <br /> <br />Porcella, 0: ~., ~owie,G. L., Sanders,J. G., and CUller, G. A. 1991. 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Toll,!, S. McKay,! W. J. Adamss <br />lecological planning and toxicology, inc., 5010 SW Hout St" Corvallis, OR <br />97333-9540; 2Paramell'ix, Inc., 5808 Lake Washington Blvd., N,E., Kirkland, <br />WA 98033-7350; sKennecoll Utah Copper, PO Box 6001, Magna, UT <br />84044-(jOOI <br /> <br />ABSTRACT <br /> <br />ACJuatic birds are exposed to selenium through their diet by ingesting <br />aquatic invertebrates that have accumulated selenium from water and the food <br />chain. However, dietary composition is highly variable among species, over <br />time, and across sites, making it dillicult to provide accurate estimations of <br />dietary exposure for particular species at specific locations, Selenium accumu- <br />lates iu the egg, resulting in emhryo malformation, embryonic death, and <br />decreased survival of juveniles. If the relationship between egg concentration <br />and these reproductive parameters can be defined with sullicient certainty, <br />then risk assessments can be performed through analysis of egg selenium <br />concentrations. Other researchers have proposed egg toxicity thresholds that <br />lead to conclusions of widespread selenium toxicoses in waterbirds. However, <br />we believe these values are overly conservative and that it is unlikely that <br />selenium is posing a signilicant risk to wild birds in areas where the current <br />water quality criterion is being met. Through the use of simple statistical <br />models (logit, probit, and Weibull functions) we are able to express mortality <br />and teratogenicity relationships for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in such a <br />manner that the risk manager can be presented with information about the <br />probability of reduced duckling survival if mean egg selenium (MES) concen- <br />trations arc known. Data analysis indicates that the two endpoints (mortality <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />Corresponding author: Dr, Anne Fairbrother. ecological planning and <br />toxicology, inc., 51110 SW 1I0ut St., Corvallis, OR 97333-9540; Tel: (541) 752- <br />3707; Fax: (54 I) 753-9010; E.mail: FairbroA@aol.com <br /> <br />1080-7039/99/$,50 <br />@ 19!1\I hy ASI' <br />