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<br />DOUGlAS ET AL.-GlLA GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS <br /> <br />397 <br /> <br /> <br />er basin populations (Dowling and DeMarais, <br />1993). Although morphological analyses can <br />designate individuals to species or groups, these <br />techniques alone cannot unambiguously ascer- <br />tain the degree of introgression exhibited by in- <br />dividuals or populations or even if hybridization <br />has occurred. Instead, morphology can discrim- <br />inate individuals once the range of genetic var- <br />iance has been determined (as in Sofield et aI., <br />1984). A morphological range of variation has <br />been established for upper basin Gila (McElroy <br />and Douglas, 1995; this study). All that remains <br />is for these results to be linked with those from <br />genetic analyses. Only then will questions about <br />morphological intermediacy of populations and <br />species be unambiguously determined. <br /> <br />ACKNOWLEDGMENTS <br /> <br /> <br />Numerous individuals from the following <br />agencies, organizations, and institutions assisted <br />at various levels with development and comple- <br />tion of this project: Arizona Game and Fish De- <br />partment (AGFD: Phoenix); Arizona State Uni- <br />versity (ASU: Tempe); Bio/West, Ine. (Logan, <br />UT); Brigham Young University (BYU: Provo, <br />UT); Bureau of Reclamation (BOR: Salt Lake <br />City, UT); Colorado Department of Wildlife <br />(CDOW: Denver, Grand Junction, Ft. Collins); <br />National Museum of Natural History (NMNH: <br />Washington, DC); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service <br />(USFWS: Parker, AZ; Grand Junction, CO; Salt <br />Lake City, UT; Vernal, UT); and Utah Depart- <br />ment of Wildlife Resources (UDWR: Moab, <br />Price, Salt Lake City, Vernal). Scientific collect- <br />ing permits are acknowledged from the states <br />of Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and from the U.S. <br />National Park Service, as is a USFWS endan- <br />gered species subpermit (PRT-676811). This re- <br />search was supported by contract (I-CS-4O- <br />0970A) between BOR and ASU, <br /> <br />LITERATURE CITED <br /> <br />ADAMS, D. c., AND F. J. ROHLF. 2000. Ecological char- <br />acter displacement in Plethodon: biomechanical dif- <br />ferences found from a geometric morphometric <br />study. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 97:4106-4111. <br />BLACKlTH, R. E., AND R. A. REYMENT. 1971. Multivar- <br />iate morphometrics. Academic Press, New York. <br />BOOKSTEIN, F. L. 1989a. "Size and shape": a com- <br />ment on semantics. Syst. Zool. 38:173-180. <br />-. 1989b. Principal warps: thin-plate splines and <br />the decomposition of deformations. IEEE Trans. <br />Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence 11:567-585. <br />-'--. 1991. 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