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390 Management Options <br /> <br />level of rev L a ~. <br />• re s fpr introduction vali <br />• Determine validi of <br />uc <br />i.e. demonstrated need which <br />proposed introd <br />tion ~. can ~ be metby othermeans7 <br />• Determine patehtlat for g <br />N ect} ` <br />t ~ <br />disease and ~si~ to safeguards be <br />~ <br />introductio ~~ <br />' revent intrpductioriof <br />,.ael sites? tNo-Ri,~e[t) ~ <br /> Yes or Unclear <br />F <br />Level of review 2: <br />• Determine acclimation " <br />pecies be abi e irl <br />potentiaf~° qe habitats that are avai able? <br />~' <br /> ~ <br />Ect}; <br />~, i e ,, ,~ ~„+<~ aMi~e ~ <br /> Yes or Unclear <br />Level of review 3: Decision box 3: <br />• Predict ecological • Would the species have adverse . <br />risks and benefits etologi<al impacts (Yes-RejectY and <br />• Predidbenefits and ~` Would the species potentiaNy 6e <br />risks to humans hazardous to humans? {Yes-Reject} <br />• Determine population • Is species endangered; threatened - <br />abundance in home' or rare in native range'ahd is this <br />range, and exploitation the sourte of seed stock.? <br />level ~, , ; (Yes--Reject) tJnless purpose is td <br />-------- create refuge and/or seed stock,. <br /> is anon-threatened hatchery stock <br /> or natulize~d popul n v <br />level of review <br />• Conduct detai e iterature <br />rewew <br />Level of review 5: <br />• `Conduct necessary <br />research-life history <br />• Potential impacts on <br />indigenous species <br />and habitats a <br />D~s- b <br />R'+ Was data, ase aequate to devefnp <br />.. .: <br />a tomplete'species synops~s7 <br />i ` ,f ,, >a <br />Decision 5:~ <br />• Based upon all available informatign, <br />a do the benefits of the introduction <br />outweigh the risks? <br />(Yes-Approve; No-fifj <br />~ Unclear <br />Fig. 20.1 Sequential decision model for evaluating fish species introdutions rafter Kohler 8t Stanley 1984. <br />Supplemental stocking over <br />native populations <br />Perhaps the most damaging stocking practice still <br />in common use is supplemental stocking over <br />existing self-sustaining native populations. This <br />practice open occurs in water bodies where <br />demand for fishing exceeds supply, particularly <br />when exploitation cannot be effectively regulated. <br />Environmental and genetic effects on fish reared <br />in hatcheries often result in a loss of fitness <br />compared to their wild counterparts. Stocking <br />hatchery fish over native populations could ulti- <br />mately result in degradation of the health of the <br />