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Last modified
7/14/2009 5:01:46 PM
Creation date
5/22/2009 12:31:33 PM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
7923
Author
Carter, J. G. and V. A. Lamarra.
Title
An Ecosystem Approach To Environmental Management, Chapter 17.
USFW Year
n.d.
USFW - Doc Type
261-287
Copyright Material
YES
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<br />~~ <br /> <br />at <br /> <br />We then proceed to Level <br />changes can be explained. We <br />determing CR, i.e.: <br /> <br />II to determine if CR <br />explore the relationships <br /> <br />CR f(biomass of invetebrates, microbes, <br />organics) <br /> <br />If we determine the standing crops of invertebrates and <br />microbes to be normal, the relationship has not <br />explained the change. Therefore, other factors which <br />could be causing the change must be considered. We <br />enter Level III where other hypotheses are formulated to <br />explain the change. <br /> <br />We may hypothesize that invertebrate or microbe <br />respiration has increased, thus, respiration must be <br />directly measured by utilizing respirometers developed <br />for the project. If microbial respiration is normal but <br />invertebrate respiration is above normal, the deviation <br />in invertebrate respiration must be determined. Perhaps <br />leached metals or organics caused sublethal stress. We <br />then analyze properly preserved samples of stream <br />invertebrates for these compounds. Concurrently, <br />process waste stream records are inspected for abnormal <br />levels of the suspected agent. If levels are above the <br />baseline, then leachate is implicated and the pathway <br />and appropriate mitigation must be determined. <br /> <br />In summary, community level parameters and <br />ecosystem-based relationships with sublevels can be used <br />to narrow the path of investigations of an abnormal data <br />point. This can then lead to a logical management <br />decision and action. It should be noted that many of <br />the activities presented as level I, II, and III could <br />be occurring concurrently to reduce reaction time. <br /> <br />FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT/MONITORING PROGRAM <br /> <br />Data gathered in the baseline and monitoring <br />programs for Tracts Ua and Ub will be incorporated into <br />an ecosystem model which will be continually refined as <br />more data are accumulated. Emphasis is being placed on <br />the preproduction period to complete the majority of <br />ecosystem relationships for the model and refine <br />techniques to be used in the long-term program. <br /> <br />285 <br />
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