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Last modified
7/14/2009 5:01:46 PM
Creation date
5/22/2009 12:31:33 PM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
7923
Author
Carter, J. G. and V. A. Lamarra.
Title
An Ecosystem Approach To Environmental Management, Chapter 17.
USFW Year
n.d.
USFW - Doc Type
261-287
Copyright Material
YES
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<br /> 1000 <br />I 20 <br /> I <br />.- 600 15 <br />, <br />z <br />~ ~ <br /> , <br />~ ~ ~ <br /> ~ <br />z ~ <br />~ ~ <br /> 200 5 0 <br /> <br />M <br /> <br /> <br />J <br /> <br />J A S 0 <br />MONTHS mS1 <br /> <br />N <br /> <br />o <br /> <br />Figure 6. The concentration of orthophosphate and total <br />inorganic nitrogen in the White River during 1981. The data <br />represents 5-day averages (monthly) at Southam Canyon. <br /> <br />INTERNAL PHYSICAL FACTORS <br /> <br />For over 500 years, earth scientists have viewed <br />rivers as a link in the hydrologic cycle. These systems <br />were the logical center of erosion, transportation, and <br />deposition of dissolved, suspended, and tactively carried <br />geologic materials. The concept of rivers as dynamic <br />systems combined with the basic principles of fluid <br />dynamics have formed the nucleus of modern fluvial <br />geomorphology. The description of the White River in <br />terms of internal physical factors must include <br />consideration of channel geomorphology and fluvial (water) <br />characteristics (Table II). <br /> <br />Channel Geomorphology <br /> <br />Leopold and Maddock (1953) showed empirically that <br />water depth, width, and velocity were functions of the <br />load transported by a river and that one could thus <br />predict the effects of changes in load supplied by side <br />streams upon the entire geometry of the main channel. <br />Structural changes caused by external factors are <br />important considerations. For example, Wolman (1964) <br />noted that a local increase in sediment load imposed by a <br />tributary stream upon a river immediately began to alter <br />the width to depth ratio of the river channel and <br />siltation occurred on the river bed. In both cases, the <br /> <br />271 <br />
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