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7/14/2009 5:01:47 PM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
9637
Author
American Society For Testing And Materials.
Title
Standard Practice For Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests With Fishes, Microinvertebrates, And Amphibians.
USFW Year
1980.
USFW - Doc Type
Philadelphia, PA.
Copyright Material
YES
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<br />systems and test chambers must be rinsed with <br />dilution water just before use. <br />6.7 Acceptability-The acceptability of new <br />holding, acclimation, and testing facilities <br />should be demonstrated with sensitive orga- <br />nisms (8.l.! and 8.1.2) before use. <br /> <br />7. Safety Precautions <br /> <br />7.1 Most substances can adversely affect hu- <br />man beings if adequate precautions are not <br />taken. Therefore, contact with all toxicants and <br />solutions of them should be minimized, and <br />special precautions, such as covering test cham- <br />bers and ensuring adequate ventilation, should <br />be taken with volatile toxicants. Information <br />(2) on toxicity to humans and recommended <br />handling procedures should be studied before <br />tests are begun with any toxicant. <br />7.2 Although disposal of stock solutions, test <br />solutions, and test organisms poses no special <br />problems in most cases, health and safety pre- <br />cautions should be considered before beginning <br />a test. Removal or degradation of toxicant be- <br />fore disposal of stock solutions and test solu- <br />tions is sometimes desirable. <br />7.3 Rinsing with acetone and other volatile <br />solvents should be performed only in well-ven- <br />tilated areas. <br />7.4 Acidic solutions and hypochlorite solu- <br />tions should not be mixed because hazardous <br />fumes may be produced. <br /> <br />8. Dilution Water <br /> <br />8.1 General Requirements-An adequate <br />supply of a dilution water that is acceptable to <br />the test organisms and to the purpose of the test <br />must be available. The minimal criterion for an <br />acceptable dilution water for acute toxicity tests <br />is that healthy test organisms will survive in it <br />for the duration of acclimation and testing <br />without showing signs of stress, such as discol- <br />oration or unusual behavior. A better criterion <br />for an acceptable dilution water is that test <br />organisms will survive, grow, and reproduce <br />satisfactorily in it. <br />8.1.1 Fresh Water-Because daphnids are <br />more sensitive in acute tests to some toxicants <br />than are other freshwater aquatic animals, wa- <br />ter in which first-instar daphnids will survive <br />for 48 h without food is probably acceptable <br />for most acute tests with freshwater animals. <br />Water in which daphnids will survive, grow, <br /> <br />~~~ <br /> <br />E 729 <br /> <br />and reproduce satisfactorily in a life cycle test <br />should be an acceptable dilution water for most <br />acute tests with freshwater animals. <br />8.1.2 Salt Water-Because Acartia tonsa, <br />mysid shrimp, and bivalve mollusc larvae are <br />more sensitive in acute tests to many toxicants <br />than many other saltwater animals, water in <br />which they will survive for 48 h without food <br />is probably acceptable for most acute tests with <br />saltwater animals. Water in which Acartia tonsa <br />or mysid shrimp will survive, grow, and repro- <br />duce satisfactorily in a life cycle test should be <br />an acceptable dilution water for most acute <br />tests with saltwater animals. <br />8.1.3 The dilution water should be inten- <br />sively aerated by such means as air stones, <br />surface aerators, or screen tubes (11) before <br />introduction of the toxicant. Adequate aeration <br />will bring the pH and concentration of dis- <br />solved oxygen and other gases into equilibrium <br />with air and reduce oxygen demand and the <br />concentration of volatiles. The concentration of <br />dissolved oxygen in the dilution water should <br />be between 90 % and 100 % saturation (12). <br />Except for shell deposition tests, water that may <br />be contaminated with undesirable microorgan- <br />isms should be passed through a properly main- <br />tained ultraviolet sterilizer equipped with an <br />intensity meter (13). <br />8.2 Types: <br />8.2.1 Reconstituted Water- Reconstituted <br />water is prepared by adding specified amounts <br />(Tables 1, 2, and 3) of reagent-grade chemicals <br />(14) to water which meets the requirements <br />given in Table 4 to help ensure that test orga- <br />nisms are not stressed during holding, accli- <br />mation, and testing and that test results are not <br />unnecessarily affected by water quality. Glass- <br />distilled water and carbon-filtered, deionized <br />water are generally acceptable. Conductivity <br />must be measured on each batch and the other <br />characteristics must be measured at least twice <br />a year and whenever significant changes in <br />these characteristics are expected. If the water <br />is prepared from a surface water, TOC or COD <br />must be measured on each batch. All reconsti- <br />tuted waters should be intensively aerated be- <br />fore use, except that buffered, soft fresh waters <br />(Table 2) should be aerated before but not after <br />addition of buffer chemicals. Aging of recon- <br />stituted water for I to 2 weeks before use may <br />be desirable. <br /> <br />6 <br />
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