9637

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 9637
• Author: American Society For Testing And Materials.
• Title: Standard Practice For Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests With Fishes, Microinvertebrates, And Amphibians.
• USFW Year: 1980.
• USFW - Doc Type: Philadelphia, PA.
• Copyright Material: YES

~~l~ E 729

TABLE 7 Prophylactic and Therapeutic Treatments for Freshwater FishA

Disease

Concentration,
mg/L

1-2 AIR

Application
30-60 min c

Chemical

External bacteria

Benzalkonium chloride (Hyamine
1622@)
Nitrofurazone (water mix)
Neomycin sulfate
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (water
solu ble)
Formalin" plus malachite green oxa-
latefl
Formalin G
Potassium permanganate
Sodium chloride

30-60 mine
30-60 mine'
5-10 min dipE,c

3-5 AI
25
25 Al

30-60 minc
30-60 min c
30--60 min c

Monogenetic tremalOdes. fungi, and
external protozoa/)

1-2 hours"

25
0.1
150-250
2-6
15 000--30 000
2000-4000
Dexon@ (35 % AI) 20 30-60 mine
Parasitic copepods Trichlorfon (Masoten@) 0.25 AI F

A This table is merely an attempt to indicate the order of preference of treatments that have been found to be the most
generally effective. Before a treatment is used, additional information should be obtained (31). This list does not imply that
these treatments have been cleared or registered for these uses. Appropriate state and federal regulatory agencies should be
consulted to determine if the treatment in question can be used and under what conditions the uses are permitted. These
treatments should be used only on fish intended for research. They have been found dependable, but efficacy against diseases
and toxicity to fish may be altered by temperature or water quality. Researchers are cautioned to test treatments on small lots
of fish before making large-scale applications. Prevention of disease is preferred, and newly acquired fish should be treated
with the formalin-malachite green combination on three alternate days if possible. However, generally fish should not be
treated on the first day they are in the facility.
R AI = active ingredient.
c Treatment may be accomplished by (/) transferring the fish to a static treatment tank and back to a holding tank; (2)
temporarily stopping the flow in a flow-through system, treating the fish in a static manner, and then resuming the flow 10
flush out the chemical; or (3) continuously adding a stock solution of the chemical to a flow-through system by means of a
metered flow or dosing (32) technique.
/) One treatment is usually sufficient except for "leh," which must be treated daily or every other day until no sign of the
protozoan remains. This may take 4 to 5 weeks at 5 to lOoC and II to 13 days at 15 to 21 oC. A temperature of320C is lethal
to Ieh in I week.
E Minimum of 24 h, but may be continued indefinitely.
F Continuous treatment should be employed in static or flow-through systems until no copepods remain, except that
treatment should not be continued for longer than 4 weeks and should not be used above 270C.
G Do not use formalin that is milky or contains particulate matter. The solid material is paraformaldehyde, which is quite
toxic to fish.
II The zinc salt of malachite green is much more toxic to fish than the oxalate salt. No problems have been reported with
technical grade malachite green oxalate, which usually contains less than 100 ~g of zinc per gram and is sold under a variety
of names.

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