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<br />SWIMMING PERFORMANCES OF RARE COLORADO RIVER FISHES
<br />
<br />401
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />Zimmer and Broughton 1965). Our data should
<br />partially define one of a dozen biological criteria
<br />needed to design an experimental fish ladder
<br />(Truebe and Drooker 1982). Additionally, data
<br />such as ours are required in formulas used to
<br />design culverts for fish passage (Watts 1974; Ev-
<br />ans and Johnston 1980).
<br />We attempted to simulate conditions that these
<br />fish might encounter after hydrologic alterations
<br />in stream habitat; however, our data are incom-
<br />plete for most engineering and construction plan-
<br />ning. Many other aspects of the swimming per-
<br />formance and behavior of each life stage must
<br />be examined before developers can adequately
<br />consider fish preferences. Our data are probably
<br />conservative because of the limitations ofthe test
<br />apparatus and the use of unexercised fish. The
<br />effect of fish length, water velocity, and water
<br />temperature on swimming ability could have been
<br />predicted from existing literature (Beamish 1978).
<br />Unique to our study was the opportunity to eval-
<br />uate the specific abilities of these rare fishes and
<br />the finding that their abilities were similar to
<br />those of other fishes of similar size. This is en-
<br />couraging because existing data for other species
<br />can augment our data in solving fish-passage and
<br />entrainment problems.
<br />
<br />J
<br />
<br />Acknowledgments
<br />Funds for this work were provided by the U.S.
<br />Fish and Wildlife Service Colorado River Fish-
<br />ery Project and the Bureau of Reclamation. R.
<br />Bulkley, L. Kaeding, and H. Tyus reviewed an
<br />early draft of this paper; A. Burgess and J. Kehoe
<br />conducted most of the swimming tests. This
<br />project was administered by the Utah Cooper-
<br />ative Fishery Research Unit, which is jointly
<br />sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
<br />the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and
<br />Utah State University.
<br />
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