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<br />
<br />Designing for Dynamic Equilibrium in Streams
<br />
<br />makes possible the attainment of the bank slope gradients that
<br />will be stable. This example shows that enhancing ongoing ad-
<br />justment processes hasten attainment of a new dynamic equili-
<br />brium.
<br />
<br />SUMMARY
<br />
<br />There is still insufficient knowledge to eliminate uncer-
<br />tainty from the design of dynamic equilibrium in streams.
<br />Empirical equations are available that must be tested and
<br />modified to fit the specific situation. Due to remaining un-
<br />certainty, design plans must remain flexible, not only to
<br />allow adjustment to other stream aspects that may not be the
<br />primary goal of the design, such as fishery, but also to in-
<br />clude future additional control requirements. These may
<br />come about by the creation of new critical locations, caused
<br />by the treatment. Historical examples are provided that
<br />neglected projections on possible formation of new critical
<br />locations after treatment and their control. An example also
<br />showed how a fishery control project may influence the hy-
<br />draulic geometry of the stream, causing bank erosion.
<br />The interdependency between stream and riparian systems
<br />is stressed. Destruction of one may lead to the destruction of
<br />the other. A harmonious interaction is achieved if both sys-
<br />tems are in dynamic equilibrium.
<br />Changes in local base level may have far-reaching effects
<br />on a stream, especially if lowering of this level occurred. The
<br />control of this level is very cost-effective, generally, since
<br />detrimental development throughout the system can be pre-
<br />vented.
<br />The land manager must recognize that the consideration
<br />of a stream as a dynamic system, interacting with others,
<br />should be basic to any treatment plan.
<br />
<br />LITERATURE CITED
<br />
<br />Begin, Z. B., D. F. Meyer, and S. A. Schumm, 1980. Knickpoint
<br />Migration Due to Base-Level Lowering. Journal of the Waterway,
<br />Port, Coastal, and Ocean Division, pp. 369-388.
<br />Begin, Ze'ev B., David F. Meyer, and Stanley A. Schumm, 1981.
<br />Development of Longitudinal Profiles of Alluvial Channels in
<br />Response to Base-Level Lowering. Earth Surface Processes and
<br />Landforms 6:49-68.
<br />Dolan, Robert, Bruce Hayden, Alan Howard, and Roy Johnson, 1977.
<br />Environmental Management of the Colorado River Within the
<br />Grand Canyon. Environmental Management 1(5):391400.
<br />Ferrell, W. R. and W. R. Barr, 1963. Criteria and Methods for Use of
<br />Check Dams in Stabilizing Channel Banks and Beds. In: Proceed-
<br />ings Federal Interagency Conference. USDA Agricultural Research
<br />Service Miscellaneous Publication No. 970, U.S. Government Print-
<br />ing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 376-386.
<br />Haible, William W., 1980. Holocene Prome Changes Along a California
<br />Coastal Stream. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 5:249-
<br />264.
<br />Hammad, H. Y., 1972. River Bed Degradation After Closure of Dams.
<br />Proceedings of ASCE, Journalof the Hydraulic Division, pp. 591.
<br />607.
<br />Heede, B. a, 1960. A Study of Early Gully-Control Structures in
<br />the Colorado Front Range. USDA Forest Service Station Paper
<br />RM-55, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station,
<br />Fort Collins, Colorado, 42 pp.
<br />
<br />Heede, B. H., 1966. Design Construction and Cost of Rock Check
<br />Dams. USDA Forest Service Research Paper RM-20, Rocky Moun-
<br />tain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado,
<br />24 pp.
<br />Heede, B. H., 1976. Gully Development and Control: The Status of
<br />Our Knowledge. USDA Forest Service Research Paper RM-169,
<br />Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Col-
<br />lins, Colorado, 42 pp.
<br />Heede, B. H., 1977. Case Study of a Watershed Rehabilitation Pro-
<br />ject: Alkali Creek, Colorado. USDA Forest Service Research
<br />Paper RM-189, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment
<br />Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 18 pp.
<br />Heede, B. H., 1980. Stream Dynamics: An Overview for Land Man-
<br />agers. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-12,
<br />Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Col-
<br />lins, Colorado, 26 pp.
<br />Heede, B. H., 1981. Rehabilitation of Disturbed Watersheds Tluough
<br />Vegetation Treatment and Physical Structures. In: Interior West
<br />Watershed Management. Washington State University, Spokane,
<br />Washington, pp. 257-260.
<br />Heede, B. H., 1984. The Evolution of Salmonid Stream Systems. In:
<br />Proceedings Wild Trout III, R. H. Hamre (Editor). Symposium at
<br />Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, September 24-25, 1984, pp.
<br />33-37.
<br />Heede, B. H. and J. Weatherred, 1981. CAGCOM - A Program for
<br />Designing Dams for Gully Control. WSDG Application Document,
<br />WSDG-AD-00003, Watershed Systems Development Group, USDA
<br />Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, 20 pp. plus 4 appendices.
<br />Ibrahim, Fouad N., 1984. Der Wasserhaushalt des Nils nach dem
<br />Bau des Hochstaudammes von Assuan (The Water Balance of the
<br />Nile After the Erection of the High Aswan Dam). Die Erde 115:
<br />145-161.
<br />Kashef, Abdel-Azizt, 1981. Technical and Ecological Impacts of the
<br />High Aswan Dam. Journal of Hydrology 53:73-84.
<br />Livesey, R. H., 1963. Channel Armoring Below Fort Randall Dam.
<br />In: Proceedings Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference,
<br />Jackson, Mississippi. USDA, Agricultural Research. Service, Wash-
<br />ington, D.C., pp. 461470.
<br />Maddock, Thomas, Jr., 1966. Behavior of Channels Upstream from
<br />Reservoirs. In: Hydrology of Lakes and Reservoirs. International
<br />Association of Scientific Hydrology, Gentbrugge, Belgium, pp. 812-
<br />823.
<br />Robbins, Clarence H. and Andrew Simon, 1982. Man-Induced Channel
<br />Adjustment in Tennessee Streams. USDI Geological Survey Open-
<br />File Report 8343, Lakewood, Colorado, 128 pp.
<br />Schumm, S. A., 1971a. Fluvial Geomorphology: Channel Adjustment
<br />and River Metamorphosis. In: River Mechanics I (Chapter 5),
<br />Hsieh Wen Shen (Editor). Hsieh Wen Shen, P.O. Box 606, Fort
<br />Collins, Colorado, 22 pp.
<br />Schumm, S. A., 1971b. Fluvial Geomorphology: The Historical Per-
<br />spective. In: River Mechanics I (Chapter 4, Hsieh Wen Shen
<br />(Editor). Hsieh Wen Shen, P.O. Box 606, Fort Collins, Colorado,
<br />30 pp.
<br />Vanoni, Vito A., Norman H. Brooks, and John F. Kennedy, 1961.
<br />Lecture Notes on Sediment Transportation and Channel Stability.
<br />Report No. KH-R-l, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and
<br />Water Resources, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena,
<br />California.
<br />Vanoni, Vito A., 1984. Fifty Years of Sedimentation. Journal of
<br />Hydraulic Engineering 110(8):1022-1057.
<br />Williams, Garnett P. and M. Gordon Wolman, 1984. Downstream
<br />Effects of Dams on Alluvial Rivers. Geological Survey Professional
<br />Paper 1286. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
<br />64 pp.
<br />
<br />357
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<br />WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN
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