8011

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 8011
• Author: Hood, L. C., et al.
• Title: Frayed Safety Nets, Conservation Planning Under the Endangered Species Act 1998.
• USFW Year: 1998.
• USFW - Doc Type: Washington D.C.
• Copyright Material: YES

FRAYED SAFETY

NET S ................................................................. ..... ................................................................................................... ~

Circumvention of Formal Review......................................................46

National Trends.................................................................................. 46

Funding.. .......... ... ................ .... ................ ......... .......... .................... .... ................. 4 7

Implementation........................................................................................ 4 7
Innovative Funding............................................................................48
Funding Problems..............................................................................49

National Trends................................................ ....... ...... ....... ............. .50
Funding for Additional Mitigation ...........................................................50

A Risky Situation ...............................................................................51

Lega II 5 sue 5 .... .......... .......... .... ............... ........................................ ............. ........5 2

Recovery-based Approval Standards......................................................... .52

Legal Context..................................................................................... 5 2
HCPs Without Recovery Plans ..........................................................53
Cumulative Effects on Imperiled Species ..........................................56
Minimization and Mitigation ofIncidental Take......................................58
Take and Its Quantification ...............................................................58
No Biological Standards.................................................... .................59
Prelisting Agreements and Candidate Conservation Agreements........61

4( d) Rules......................................................................................... .62
Natural Communities Conservation Program (NCCP) .....................62
The Role of State and Local Governments ...............................................63
The Role of Federal Lands........................................................................66
Positive Examples........................................................ ..................... ..67

Negative Examples........................................................................... ..67
Implementation and Enforcement.......................................................... ..68
Implementation and Practicability .....................................................70
Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement .......................................72
Plan Duration, Changes and Termination ................................................73

Adaptability....................................................................................... 73
Plan Duration and Termination.........................................................74

e

Conclusions and R ecommendations .......................................................................7 7

Science............................................................................................... 77

Public Participation............................................................................ 80

Funding............................................................................................. 81

Legal Framework.... ..... ............................ ....... ............. ............ ..... ..... .82

Reference 5 ... ............... .... ................ .... ......... ...... .... .............. ............... .... ............8 S

Boxes on the Context of Planning
Grizzly Bear-29
Longleaf Pine Forest Ecosystem-32
Louisiana Black Bear--42
The Florida Scrub Jay and Its Habitat-57
The Importance of Listing: The NCCP-64

The San Bruno Mountain HCP-64
Implementing Agreements-71
The Tongass National Forest-78
The Lower Colorado River-IOI

Appendix A: Methodology ..................................................................................89

Appendix B: Murphy et 01. Policy Recommendations ..............................................91

Appendix C: Conservation Plans Analyzed ............................................................ 97

I nde x .............. ................................................ ...... .... ................ ............. ...... .... 1 09