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<br />GRANA lH AND ESCH-REGULA liON OF B. ACHElLOGNA THI POPULA liONS 1123
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<br />~,
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<br />tions in fish are most effectively controlled by
<br />density-independent mechanisms, primarily
<br />temperature and host behavior, both dietary and
<br />social. He went on to note (Kennedy, 1977, p.
<br />94), however, that despite the large number of
<br />studies, ". ' . far too little of the information is
<br />of the right quality to provide useful data about
<br />the nature and effectiveness of parasite regula-
<br />tory mechanisms." Holmes et al. (1977), An-
<br />derson (1978), Anderson and May (1978), and
<br />May and Anderson (1978) have all emphasized
<br />that a combination of density-independent and
<br />density-dependent factors are involved as regu-
<br />latory mechanisms for parasite populations, The
<br />present study provides strong support for the as-
<br />sertions of the latter investigators, In the case of
<br />B, acheilognathi. temperature is a critical ele-
<br />ment in stimulating growth and development of
<br />adult worms and, thus, in affecting the size and
<br />composition of infra populations, Temperature is
<br />also an important factor affecting egg maturation
<br />and coracidium motility. However, a key com-
<br />ponent regulating the infrapopulation density and
<br />composition of B, acheilognathi in mosquito-
<br />fish is suggested to be intraspecific competition
<br />among those worms undergoing growth and
<br />development due to the influence of elevated
<br />temperature. Therefore, it is most likely that a
<br />combination of density-independent and den-
<br />sity-dependent factors regulates infrapopulation
<br />densities of this cestode species,
<br />
<br />ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
<br />
<br />This work was supported in part by a grant
<br />from the Wake Forest University Research and
<br />Publication Fund. We want to thank Mr. Mi-
<br />chael Riggs for his aid and discussion regarding
<br />statistical analyses. We also appreciate the com-
<br />ments of Glenn Hoffman on the taxonomy of B,
<br />acheilognathi and acknowledge Dr. Hilda Ching
<br />for translating the paper by Dubinina (1982),
<br />
<br />"
<br />
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