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NEST-SPECIFIC !lASS DNA FINGERPRINTS 455 12"b- ii.. - II Ii...... ;;; . ~ ~ tt:~-":~. t.i~tIjft ~ ...... . ;;;;:;: . --- ... ~ ....... :::'-'1- -I'-~;;-~" 61kb-, ii ". i! ' . iill ~I ,'.' I 11-= 1r1'" ..,," illj. "~'" -- ~ '.... 3.0 kb _ ,,'. ~'~I _I, ~;>;"JlI ..,...,. ',' ,.~ ",.,' ,", , ,',',' ~::~ ..~~".<, ~fY4 ;; - ::: I~ II ~,- ~:. FIGURE 5,- The DNA fingerprints of 10 smallmouth bass fry, each chosen randomly from a different nest in Jones Bay. Lake Opeongo (probe [GACA]4 and enzyme Hae III), assign a unique fingerprint to each nest, as ex- emplified in Figure 6, All eight anonymous fry tested were correctly assigned to their nest of or- igin by visual comparison of their banding pat- terns (fingerprints) with the previously generated banding patterns (fingerprints) representing all prospective nests, Discussion Nest (family)-specific DNA fingerprints of smallmouth bass in Lake Opeongo are the result of a high percentage of bands being shared be- tween and across family members (average Sl. 87,2), but not shared across fish in the population (average sr. 52,5), Thus, for a given nest, each fry has a banding pattern very similar to that of its siblings but quite different from that of fry from another nest. This results in each family member having a mark (fingerprint pattern) that uniquely identifies it as belonging to a particular nest. The DNA fingerprints are inherited in Mende- lian fashion such that each band in an offspring's fingerprint can be matched with a corresponding band in either parent's fingerprint. Approximately fifty percent of the bands observed in the off- spring's fingerprint are of maternal origin and fifty percent are of paternal origin, For a band to be similar in all offspring within a nest, at least one of the parents must be homozygous at that locus, This is exemplified by comparing the banding pat- tern of the male parent to those of his offspring in Figure 2, Many of the bands observed in the male are common to all the offspring, indicating that the male or both parents were homozygous for these loci, The remaining bands in the offspring, not observed in the male, must be contributed by the female (except for new bands resulting from mutations), In most cases, these remaining bands were also common to all offspring, indicating that these loci were homozygous in the female, One possible explanation for the highly similar banding patterns observed among individuals within nests is that they are the cons,equence of philopatry and thus of inbreeding in this popula-