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<br />REFERENCES AND NOTES
<br />
<br />1, Inrcr~lional Union for Conscn-ahon ofN3lUre :and N3lUr.1l Jl..csources (lUCN),
<br />uposlllon Sutcmcnr on the TnnsIoarion o((.n.ing Orpnisms: Introductions, Reo
<br />introJucrions, :and Jlr.smdcingU (IUCN Council. G13J1d, S..;rzcrbnd, 4 Sq>tcm-
<br />b<< 1987).
<br />2, T,J, C3dc, in (/!),pp. 279-288.
<br />3, D. G. KIcim3n. Bi.oSdmtr 39, 152 (1989).
<br />4, w, &orh. StitHtt 241, 154(1988).
<br />S., T, J: Foose, in CmJfiu."",, ~'""" C. M, Schocnw:ald-COll n .1" Eds.
<br />(Bcnjmlin.Cwrunings. London, 1983), pp. 374-401.
<br />6, J. C. Greig. s, laft,). IIi"". Rtf, 9,57 (1979).
<br />7. S, Conant, BhoStimtr 38, 254 (1988). .
<br />8, W, J. ~...ms '! III., in VilrWr f>DpI,l"rioru )tr C/lIIS""",i...., M. E. ~, Ed.
<br />(C3mbridgc Un,,'. Press, C3mbridgc, 1987):pp. 59-68.
<br />9. D. GoodnwI.. c-... BUoI. 1,59 (1987),
<br />10, p, R, Ehrli.:h, in (11), pp. 21-27. -
<br />II, _:and A. H, Ehrlich. &';".1;'...: Tho' GaliN "lid C'''ISc''l',"1<<S ,,;f thr DisoJppr"r.
<br />oJ,,,'( ,,;(s,..-.*I (1Undom How.:. ~I:'" \'ork. 1981),
<br />12, E. O. \\'ilsol\. Ed.. BO.odirmily (~3tion:al.:\Qdcm~' Pms. Wuhingron. DC. 19881.
<br />13, R, I f. ~lok:l\nhur :and E. O. Wilson. Thr Thn"'l ":.( M""" Bi~.p/tT (J>rin.:C10l1
<br />l'ni\., I'rcss. rrino.'C1OR, NJ. 1967).
<br />l-l, T, [, IA"~'. K~"ROlc Address. 39th Amcricm InslilUrc of Biologk31 s.:icnces
<br />PklU~' Snsinn. 1:ni\'nsil\" of Calilbrni3, D3\'is, 14 .-\ugusr 1988. '
<br />15, We usa! Sl3nd.tnJ pl'O\-NUrn (,II). Tho: pcr31 5UI'\'~' C(l\'cml 3 ~'nrS selcaaf
<br />l<uulomh'1I97-l. 1979. 19811:and 3Sknllor the: 10t31 numb<< ofrr:uuloc300ns 1>\'
<br />grour (su.:h :IS ptM hints or nonpme birdsl. It W:IS senlto the: hc:.Jds ofwildli(c
<br />rmn~~t in \'Ol1Sn\'31ion org.miZ3tions; 93% of 81 disuil>utal qucsrionl13ires
<br />wen: us:ablc, Tho: two dn3ilcd Sul'\'~'S :askaf 52 qucstions 3bout 5pC\;1ic tr.mslon-
<br />tK>ns. ~ wrn: sent to conscrnOOn ~~niulions md to \-UDron of zoos. The:
<br />mrc31cnnt. md.mgm:d. :and sensili\'\: spa:ics SUl'\'\~' W,)5 intcndaJ to census 311
<br />wock l1ct1o'\:Cl\ 1973:and 1986 3nd \\',)5 KnllO 350 ",'Uric; 85% rcplia1 The: n3ti\'c
<br />g~me SUI'\~' ol>t3incd 3 undolll 531\\pk of tr~nskx~lions condu.:taf in 1983 :and
<br />198-l m.I \\':IS scnl to 65 org~ni~3Iions in :>:onh Ameri,,;9"% rcrJit:d, In l>orh
<br />uses. sornc rnl'""'klllS reponed lh:it no tr .IIlsloc~lions were ,,>nd\1\.'tt:d, A 10131 of
<br />2.JO dct3i1af Sul'\~'S dCSl:ril>ing 72 threalC1led. crKbn~ef<o.J. or S...nsili\'e species 3nd
<br />176 SUI'\~'S on 18 Nti\'\: g.unc spa:ic:s \\'erc rceci\,t:d, Oflhese. 198 were d:waf :IS
<br />sucn'Sslld (SCU:susI3inint: porulJlion <'SlJl>lishc.11 or not (tr.lllSIc"~led mirn3ls
<br />
<br />+80
<br />
<br />! dcdincd 3nd disappeared or declined ~ were: stiD present) by respondents :md
<br />i could be used in contingency table aj131yscs; 155 were \lSQbIc for multivviatc
<br />I 3IW)'5CS. ' "
<br />1~ E. G. Leigh. Jr..). n-. Bioi. 90, 2.3 (1981). '
<br />1~. M, J. Cnwlcy, Phi/N. Till.... R; Sot. ~ Sn. B 314, 711-(1986).
<br />1.. V. Gcisr, Om.). ZM. 65. 1067 (198n.
<br />I/). J. M. Scott:md J. W. Carpmtr.r,laNi ~M.S44(1987), '
<br />~O. G. Bwnp, ). Willi. M_~. 27, 855 (1963).
<br />2:,1. A. E. Newsome:and I. R. ~oblc, in. &~orr".f Biologit4llnwsiMJ, R. H. Groves and
<br />! J. J. Burdon, Edt. (CambridgeUlIIY. flCSS, New York, 1986), pp; 1-20. ,
<br />~ R. J. O'Connor, PlUm. T""". R. 5<<. ~ Sn. B 314, 583 (1986),
<br />~3. M, P. Moulton and S. L Pimm, in ~i" &oIogy, J. Dimlond 3nd T. J. Case,
<br />I Edt. (Harper llc Row, New York, 191\6), pp. 80-97. '
<br />24. L Engdmm, in BMDP Sltnilliclll SttjJftrrr,'W. J. Dixon, Ed. (Univ. of C:aJuomi3
<br />. Prcss.1krulcy, 1983), pp. 330-344. I
<br />~S. Porcnri31 species bW in rcsults of ~,_ W,3S C\'3Iu3,cd by dctmng the domin3n,
<br />: (3~ of obsm-atiotu) specKs (wild lUlK)", Mtlmgril gaI'''P''I1O) and rc:an3lyUng.
<br />, OM- I of 11 \U1i,-ariarc an:aJrscs (reproductive mits) dwIgcd bc:causc of'the
<br />deletion. For ~-:uUte an:aIyscs, the,modcI witholH rurUys incIudal the CllKl
<br />W'I1C SC1 of \-WbICS 3S the :all sp<<id, ClISC, the sign of cocllicicms rmWncd the
<br />I W'I1C. 3nd the: I113gnitudc or codlic:icnrs W3S COJnf"lDble.
<br />~6, N. IlicMcr'~'R:and N. S. God. 1"hnot, ~, Bioi. 3,406 (1972).
<br />27. R. Undc. Stimtr 241, 1455 (1989). ! '
<br />28. D, Simbcrlolr, IamN. R",. &01. 5,11, ~9, 473 (1988). '
<br />~9. J, r.lScott. B. Csuri, J. D. J3CObi. J. ~ Estes. Bic&inKr37, 782 (1987).
<br />30. W. Conw:!,', c-nv. BioI. 2. 132 (1988). '
<br />~I. D. A. Dinmm. MAil """ TrltpI-r s..~I: 1M 'Tor.J DrsigH AI.,,,,,,, (Wilcv, New
<br />. York, 1981). I .
<br />~2, M, Sb3H'cr, BiooStitttlt 31, 131 (1981)~ '
<br />~3. This work v.-ouJd nor h:a,"C been Possiblc:V.;thoIlt the: \-oIunl3lT clJ'ons of
<br />: coopcr:IlOlS who responded to our sw+cy, Wc thW S. J. B3ttm, S. HiII,;uad L J.
<br />. MiUcr for:assiswaa in the: projccr and! T. J,C:adc, s, H, FrillS, J. H3dkld, H.R.
<br />rcrrr, Jr,. K. R:aIIs. D. p, Scon. :ancil T. G. ShocrlW.cr for cornrnmts on the
<br />nunWcript, Conducted under the: 3,*pices' of the: IcUho CoopmtivcFish and
<br />Wildlifc Rcsc3rch Unit, which is funcJFd :and supported~. Id3ho Dcpartmmt of
<br />Fish :and GanlC'. Uni\'nsi~' of Id3ho~ V,S. Fish and \Vildlifc Service, and the:
<br />Wildlifc Mm3gcrncnt Inslinarc; conrri/Nrion nwnba 46S from the Uni\'C'lSiry of ,
<br />1d3ho Forest, Wildlifc, and Rangc Expaimcnt Smion,
<br />
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<br />SCIENCE. VOL. 24-5
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