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<br />PREFACE <br /> <br />This manual provides an introduction to small-scale hydroelectric <br />(<30 M~J) technology and its impacts on fish and wildlife and their habi- <br />tats for fisheries or wildlife biologists or other nonengineer readers. <br />The text emphasizes the technical aspects of small-scale hydro, with a very <br />limited discussion of institutional, social, legal, and economic factors. <br /> <br />The technical detail included is sufficient to obtain a general under- <br />standing of how a particular device or system performs. However, the <br />manual is not intended as a guide to the engineering or planning of hydro- <br />electric projects. The environmental impacts of small-scale hydro are <br />indicated, but not described in detail. This approach maximizes the <br />appreciation of the breadth of potential impacts associated with small- <br />scale hydro, while avoiding a level of detail that would not be of use to <br />most readers. References to more specialized literature on particular fish <br />and wildlife problems are included with each chapter. <br /> <br />Mitigation alternatives are listed at the end of each technical sec- <br />tion in this report. A more detai led Mitigation Handbook was developed in <br />conjunction with this manual to guide biologists in the selection of <br />mitigation alternatives appropriate for the environmental impacts of small- <br />scale hydroelectric development. <br /> <br />Questions or other correspondence regarding this impact manual and the <br />companion mitigation handbook should be addressed to: <br /> <br />Team leader <br />Western Energy and land Use Team <br />U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service <br />2627 Redwing Road <br />Fort Collins, CO 80526-2899 <br /> <br />i i i <br />