8273

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 8273
• Author: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• Title: Guidelines for Interpretation of the Biological Effects of Selected Constituents in Biota, Water, and Sediment.
• USFW Year: 1998.
• USFW - Doc Type: \
• Copyright Material: NO

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Introduction ........................................................................... 1

Constituents of Concern:

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Arsenic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9

Boron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25

Copper. .,. . . . '" .... . . . . ... . .. ... . .. ...... .., . . .. ... . . . . . . . .. .. . . ....... . ... . . .. 41

DDT '" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57

Mercury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91

Molybdenum ................................................................... 115

Salinity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 129

Selenium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139

Zinc ........................................................................... 185

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Tables

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1 Summary of comprehensive biotic effects of arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
2 Biological effects of various waterborne arsenicals on selected species in aquatic

environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15

3 Biological effects of concentrations of various arsenicals in sediment .................... 18
4 Biological effects of arsenicals in the diet on selected species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19
5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards and criteria for arsenic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20
6 Predicted boron effect levels ....................................................... 26
7 Summary of literature for boron ecotoxicology ....................................... 33
8 Summary of comprehensive biotic effects of copper ................................... 43
9 Biological effects of copper concentrations in sediment ................................ 45
10 Biological effects of copper on aquatic species ........................................ 47
11 Summary of exposure-response or exposure-bioaccumulation of copper .... . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50
12 Accumulation of copper in small mammals compared to copper concentrations

in soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 52

13 U.S. Environmental Protection agency standards and criteria for copper ................. 53
14 Summary of comprehensive effects: ODD, DOE, and DOT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59
15 DDD, DDE, and DDT effects on aquatic organisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 64
16 DDD, DDE, and DDT impacts to birds .............................................. 70
17 DDD, DDE, and DDT effects on mammals ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 79
18 Bioconcentration factors for biota exposed to ODD, DOE, and DDT ..................... 81
19 U.S. Environmental Protection agency standards and criteria for DDT, ODD, and DOE .... 83
20 Summary table for predicted mercury effect le\'els .................................... 93
21 Mercury bioaccumulation factors from sediment to oligochaetes, chironomids, and
carp in Clear Lake, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94
22 Mercury concentrations in water and associated effects on wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95
23 Effects of mercury residues in fish and herptile tissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97

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