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<br />Relative inaccessibility and a time lag in
<br />construction of reservoirs in Mexico has isolated that
<br />region from introduced fishes. Populations of non-
<br />native fishes are only now becoming available to
<br />invade and populate Mexican watersheds, and
<br />interactions among introduced and native species in
<br />that country are only beginning. The bottom line is,
<br />when non-native fishes become dominant, native
<br />fishes disappear. This pattern has been repeated with
<br />minor exceptions throughout western United States,
<br />and may be predicted with confidence in Mexico.
<br />
<br />This ends the presentation, with the hypothesis
<br />that biological interactions are the ultimate factor
<br />causing disappearance of native fishes in the United
<br />States, even where physical and chemical conditions
<br />resemble the natural state. The "how" of species
<br />replacement has been avoided, other than by
<br />pronouncement and inference, and is left to future
<br />research. Unique possibilities exist to test these ideas
<br />through experimentation under field conditions, and
<br />to apply the findings to perpetuation of native fishes
<br />and natural aquatic systems, if humans chose to do so.
<br />
<br />APPENDIX I. SELECTED REFERENCES ON AQUATIC HABITATS
<br />AND FISHES OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST
<br />
<br />Brown. D. E., editor. 1982. Biotic Communities of
<br />the American Southwest, United States and Mexico.
<br />Desert Plants 4(Special Issue) (Boyce Thompson
<br />Arboretum. Superior, Arizona).
<br />
<br />Deacon, J. E. 1979. Endangered and threatened
<br />fishes of the west. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 3:
<br />41-64.
<br />
<br />Deacon, J. E. and W. 1. Minckley. 1974. Desert
<br />Fishes. Pp. 385-488, In G. W. Brown, Jr., editor.
<br />Desert Biology, Volume II. Academic Press, New York.
<br />
<br />Deacon, J. E., G. C. Kobetich. J. D. Williams, S.
<br />Contreras B., and others. 1979. Fishes of North
<br />America-Endangered, threatened, or of special
<br />concern. 1979. Fisheries (American Fisheries Society)
<br />4(2): 29-44.
<br />
<br />Everhart. W. R. and W. R. Seaman. 1971. Fishes of
<br />Colorado. Colorado Game, Fish, and Parks Division,
<br />Denver.
<br />
<br />Hendrickson. D. A., W. 1. Minckley, R. R. Miller,
<br />D. J. Siebert, and P. H. Minckley. 1981. Fishes of
<br />the Rio Yaqui basin, Mexico and United States.
<br />Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Sciences
<br />15(1980): 65-106.
<br />
<br />Hocutt, C. H. and E. O. Wiley. 1986. The
<br />Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. John
<br />Wiley and Sons, New York.
<br />
<br />Johnson, J. E. 1987. Protected fishes of the United States
<br />and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda,
<br />Maryland.
<br />
<br />Johnson. J. E. and]. N. Rinne. 1982. The
<br />endangered species act and southwest fishes. Fisheries
<br />(American Fisheries Society), 7(2): 2-8.
<br />
<br />Koster, W. J. 1957. Guide to the Fishes of New Mexico.
<br />University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
<br />
<br />LaRivers, 1. 1962. Fish and Fisheries of Nevada. 1962.
<br />Nevada State Fish and Game Commission, Carson
<br />City.
<br />
<br />Miller, R. R. 1961. Man and the changing fish fauna
<br />of the American Southwest. Papers of the Michigan
<br />Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 46: 365-404.
<br />
<br />Miller, R. R. 1972. Threatened freshwater fishes of
<br />the United States. Transactions of the American Fisheries
<br />Society 101: 239-252.
<br />
<br />Miller, R. R., editor. 1977. Red Data Book, Pisces.
<br />Volume 4. International Union for Conservation of
<br />Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Morges,
<br />Switzerland.
<br />
<br />Miller, R. R., J. D. Williams, and J. E. Williams.
<br />1989. Extinctions of North American fishes during
<br />the past century. Fisheries (American Fisheries
<br />Society) 14(6): 22-30, 32-38.
<br />
<br />Miller, W. H., H. M. Tyus, and C. A. Carlson,
<br />editors. 1982. Fishes of the Upper Colorddo River System:
<br />Present and Future. American Fisheries Society,
<br />Bethesda, Maryland.
<br />
<br />Minckley. W. 1. 1973. Fishes of Arizona. Arizona
<br />Game and Fish Department, Phoenix.
<br />
<br />Minckley, W. 1. and J. E. Deacon, editors. 1991.
<br />Battle Against Extinction: Native Fish Management in the
<br />American West. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
<br />
<br />Moyle, P. B. 1976. Inland Fishes of California.
<br />University of California Press, Berkeley.
<br />
<br />Naiman, R. J. and D. 1. Soltz, editors. 1981. Fishes
<br />in North American Deserts. John Wiley and Sons, New
<br />York.
<br />
<br />Ono, R. D., J. D. Williams, and A. Wagner. 1983.
<br />Vanishing Fishes of North America. Stone Wall Press,
<br />Washington, D. C.
<br />
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