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Table 4. Comparison of size (nun SL) relative to pigmental state (melanin) of eyes and bodies for protolarvae and lateral to ventral regions of the peritoneum for postfkxion meso larvae (P), metalarvae (M), and early juveniles (J, ~40 nun SL) of Upper Colorado River Basin catostomids. For peritoneal pigmentation, size is preceded by initials for the applicable developmental intervals. The letter "r" indicates that the condition is rare. Catostomus Catostomus Catostomus Catostomus Catostomus Catostomus Xyrauchen Character ardens catostomus commersoni discobolus latipinnis platyrhynchus texanus Eye pigmentation, proto larvae' Unpigmented dO 7 7 dO slO s8 s9 Light to moderate 9-11 7-10 7-9 9-11 9-11 8-9 7-10 Dark ~IO ~9 ~8 ~IO ~II ~8 ~9 Body pigmentation, protolarvae' Unpigmented sll 7 s9 slO slO s8 sll 1-12 melanophores on dorsum 9-12 7-8 7-9 9-10 9-11 8-9 8-12 ~ 13 melanophores on dorsum ~II ~7 ~8 ~1O ~II ~8 ~9 Peritoneal pigmentationb Lateral, P and M only" Absent PM all PMd5 PMsl8 P sl7 PMs22 P d4 PMs24 Sparse or patchy PM~15 PM~14 PM~I4 PM ,;J 7 PM~19 PMs22 PM~14 Uniformly light M ~18 M 17-19 M,,21 Uniformly dark M~18 M ~17 M ~21 Ventro-Iateral surfaces Absent (or obscured in 1) PMJ all PMd7 PMJall P sl7 PMJall PM sl6 PMJall Sparse or patchy hl9 MJ ~ 16,r-15 PMJ 16-37 PM 15-17 MJ ~23 PM 14-18 MJ 20-37 Uniformly light MJ ~18,r-15 r-J 35-37 M 17-19 r-J ~35 M 19-21 r-J 26-37 Uniformly dark r-J " 32 MJ,,17 r-J ,,38 MJ ,,20 r-J 35-37 Ventral surface Absent PMJall PMsl7 PMJ all PM sl7 PMJall PMs21 PMJall Sparse or patchy Mhl7 J 22-37 MJ 17-25 MJ ~22 MJ 17-34 J 23-37 Uniformly light r-J ,,35 r-J 35-37 MJ 18-25 r-J ~38 J 26-34 h29 Uniformly dark MJ ~18 r-J ~38 h26 h32 , Some to most specimens of each species will hatch with eyes or eyes and body well pigmented. b Pigmentation of the peritoneum is subsurface and should not be confused with surface or cutaneous pigmentation. Also, pigment might be apparent in the dorsal and dorso-Iateral portions of the peritoneum of smaller laIVae and should not be interpreted as pigment in the lateral region. C In juveniles, lateral pigmentation of the peritoneum usually is obscured by muscle. lateral region of the peritoneum, pigmentation is sparse to patchy in some posttlexion meso larvae as early as 14 or 15 mm SL and uniformly dark pigmentation in meta1arvae by 20 to 22 mm SL (Figs. 45-49 and 74-77). On the ventral aspects of the peritoneum, pigmentation is uniformly dark in all bluehead sucker greater than 25 mm SL and all mountain sucker greater than 34 mm SL. In contrast, uniform peritoneal pigmentation (light or dark) in either ventro- lateral or ventral regions was not observed at all in any Utah sucker (Figs. 17-21) and only rarely in white or tlannelmouth suckers greater than 34 mm SL. In longnose sucker greater than 17 mm SL, the ventro-lateral peritoneal pigmentation was occasionally uniformly light (Fig. 105), but not uniformly dark until 32 mm SL, and then only rarely; on the ventral surface it was rarely uniformly light in specimens greater than 34 mm SL and never uniformly dark. Although ventro-lateral peritoneal pigmentation in razorback sucker was rarely uniformly light or dark and then only in specimens.greater than 25 mm or 34 mm SL, respectively, such uniform pigmentation on the ventral aspects of the peritoneum was, unexpectedly, a bit more common in specimens as small as 29 mm SL for light pigmentation or 32 mm SL for dark pigmentation. However, uniformly light or dark pigmentation of the ventral peritoneum was not observed in some other razorback sucker juveniles as large as 40 mm SL (as viewed through surface tissues without dissection). 28