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340 CHAPTER 14 Box 14.3 Guidelines Suggested for Handling Toxicants in fisheries Management I. Always read and follow directions on the container label (information on the label includes product name, type of chemical, formulation, statement of ingredients, net contents, name and address of manufac- turer, Environmental Protection Agency (EP A) registration number, number identifying where the product was produced, reference to toxicity to humans, cautionary statements, whether product is for general or restricted use, directions for use, statement on restricted use, statement on misuse, instructions for storage and disposal, and limitations or restrictions on use). 2. Store chemical toxicants only in the original labeled containers. 3. A void smoking in areas where toxicants are handled or used. 4. A void inhaling fumes or dusts from toxicants and wear protective clothing if so instructed. 5. Avoid toxicant spills; if skin contact occurs wash immediately. 6. Dispose of empty toxicant containers following EPA guidelines. 7. Always wash thoroughly, including clothing, following use of toxi- cants. 8. Prevent access to any toxicants by children, pets, or irresponsible adults. impacts are vital to the success of the project and such planning should be axiomatic in any chemical control program. 14.4.3 Safe Use of Chemical Toxicants in Fisheries Management Safety precautions must always be carefully followed in using chemicals (Sowards 1961; Binning et al. 1985). Following proper protocol and using common sense when planning and executing chemical control projects will ensure the safety of workers, the public, and the environment (Box 14.3). 14.4.4 Chemicals Registered for Use as Piscicides Four toxicants are registered for use as piscicides in the United States (Schnick et al. 1986); rotenone, antimycin, TFM, and Bayluscide. Fish killed using these chemicals should not be used as food. The Fisheries Act of Canada does not permit the application of any deleterious substance (such as toxicants) in fish- bearing waters. The Pesticide Chemicals Act of Canada allows use of a registered powdered form of rotenone, but only in small landlocked lakes. Accordingly, the use of toxicants has been very limited in Canada since 1980. In the United States, regulations governing piscicide use are administered by the federal government (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1972, as amended, 7 U.S.c. Sections 136-136y) and by the respective states. Most states require that pesticides (including piscicides) be used by certified applicators. Use of chemicals to control fish are sometimes referenced in state conservation codes. Information on use of piscicides in Mexico is very limited.