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<br />r
<br />
<br />bottlenecks, inbreeding or drift. As such, genetic studies
<br />of introduced populations are an underutilized tool available
<br />to the fishery manager (G. K. Meffe, personal communi-
<br />cation). The supplemental stock should be collected from
<br />the same source as the original introduction in order to
<br />maintain genetic fitness as described above (see also Meffe
<br />1987; Meffe and Vrijenhoek 1988). The same care should be
<br />taken in acquisition of individuals for the restocking effort
<br />as was taken in selection of the original introduction stock.
<br />In some cases of failure, restocking still may be advisable.
<br />If failure occurs, however, the casual factor(s) should clearly
<br />be identified and eliminated prior to restocking.
<br />
<br />C. Determine cause of failures.
<br />
<br />If an introduction fails, efforts should immediately be ini-
<br />tiated to determine the cause or causes. Understanding failed
<br />introductions ultimately may be more important in pro-
<br />moting recovery than certain successes.
<br />
<br />D. Document findings and conclusions reached during
<br />the post-introduction process.
<br />
<br />Results of monitoring efforts and causes of failures should
<br />be made available in the scientific literature or administra-
<br />tive reports and widely distributed.
<br />
<br />The management of endangered fishes has entered an
<br />exciting, albeit demanding, era. The principles of conser-
<br />vation genetics offer important new tools to help recover
<br />rare species. Application of these principles to the fishery
<br />sciences is just beginning (Meffe and Vrijenhoek 1988; Ry-
<br />man and Utter 1987), and offers a strong challenge to fishery
<br />managers. The process of establishing a new population of
<br />threatened or endangered fish is complicated by economic,
<br />regulatory, and genetic concerns, all often overridden by
<br />an urgent need to act in the face of crisis. Fishery managers
<br />face an enormous task in preserving our native fish diver-
<br />sity. The authors hope these guidelines will assist the man-
<br />agers in this worthy endeavor.
<br />
<br />Acknowledgments
<br />
<br />The authors gratefully acknowledge reviews of earlier drafts
<br />of this manuscript by Carl E. Bond, David A. Etnier, Clark
<br />Hubbs, and Gary K. Meffe. Their insightful comments were
<br />helpful. ~
<br />
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