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<br />CONTENTS <br /> <br />Glossary VII <br />Abstract 1 <br />Introduction 1 <br />Overview of water-colurrm study design 3 <br />Preparation for sample collection 6 <br />Site selection 6 <br />Sampling equipment 6 <br />Hand-held samplers 10 <br />Suspended samplers 10 <br />D-77 TM 10 <br />D-77 bag 10 <br />Under ice 10 <br />Weighted bottle 11 <br />Support equipment 11 <br />Processing equipment 11 <br />Processing and preservation chambers 11 <br />Sample splitters 12 <br />Filter systems 12 <br />Equipment cleaning 13 <br />Inorganic constituents and organic compounds 13 <br />Organic carbon 13 <br />Collection methods 14 <br />Equal-width-increment sampling 16 <br />Equal-discharge-increment sampling 16 <br />Nonstandard sampling 16 <br />Organic-carbon sampling 16 <br />Low-flow sampling 17 <br />High-flow sampling 17 <br />Sampling frozen streams 17 <br />Automatic samplers 17 <br />Sample processing 17 <br />Splitting 18 <br />Sediment sample 20 <br />Filtration 20 <br />Inorganic constituents 20 <br />Organic carbons 21 <br />Organic compounds 23 <br />Changing filter paper 24 <br />Cartridge processing 24 <br />Preservation 25 <br />Distribution 26 <br />Field analyses 27 <br />Temperature 27 <br />Specific conductance 28 <br />Calibration 28 <br />Measurement 29 <br />pH 29 <br />Calibration 30 <br />Measurement 30 <br /> <br />Contents III <br />