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<br />116 <br /> <br />less than 2 m and water velocities averaged 0.5 <br />m/s. <br />The razorback sucker is so rare that basic life <br />history information is difficult to obtain for it, and <br />its specific habitat requirements remain largely <br />unknown. The apparent lack of recruitment and <br />continuing water resource development dictates <br />that immediate measures be taken to ensure sur- <br />vival of the species before it is extirpated. The <br />razorback sucker population in the Green River <br />basin will likely continue to decline as old indi- <br />viduals die without replacement. Few razorback <br />suckers are reported from the remainder of the <br />upper Colorado River basin (Tyus et al. 1982), <br />and the Green River stock may be the largest one <br />surviving in its native riverine environment. If <br />further work does not soon identify the causes for <br />decline, this interesting genus may disappear in <br />nature. <br /> <br />Acknowledgments <br />These studies were funded in part by the U.S. <br />Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife <br />Service, and the U.S. National Park Service. B. <br />D. Burdick, W. B. Harned, J. J. Krakker, R. M. <br />McNatt, and L. A. Trinca were principals among <br />the many U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service employ- <br />ees who aided in gathering the data. K. M. Paulin <br />aided in data retrieval. The states of Colorado and <br />Utah provided logistical support. I thank J. E. <br />Brooks, P. H. Eschmeyer, C. W. McAda, W. L. <br />Minckley, and two anonymous referees for their <br />reviews of the draft manuscript. <br /> <br />References <br /> <br />Lemly, A. D. 1985. Suppression of native fish popu- <br />lation by green sunfish in first-order streams of pied- <br />mont North Carolina. Transactions of the Ameri- <br />can Fisheries Society 114:705-712. <br />Marsh, P. C. 1985. Effect of incubation temperature <br />on survival of embryos of native Colorado River <br />fishes. Southwestern Naturalist 30: 129-140. <br />McAda, C. W., and R. S. Wydoski. 1980. The razor- <br />back sucker, Xyrauchen texanus, in the upper CoI- <br /> <br />TYVS <br /> <br />orado River basin, 1974-76. U.S. Fish and Wildlife <br />Service Technical Paper 99. <br />McCarthy, M. S. 1986. Age determination for imper- <br />iled razorback sucker (Pisces:Catostomidae) from <br />Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada. Master's thesis. <br />Arizona State University, Tempe. <br />Minckley, W. L. 1983. Status of the razorback sucker, <br />Xyrauchen texanus (Abbott), in the lower Colorado <br />River basin. Southwestern Naturalist 28:165-187. <br />Orth, D. J. 1983. Aquatic habitat measurements. Pages <br />61-84 in L. A. Nielsen and D. L. Johnson, editors. <br />Fisheries techniques. American Fisheries Society, <br />Bethesda, Maryland. <br />Seethaler, K. H., C. W. McAda, and R. S. Wydoski. <br />1979. Endangered and threatened fish in the Yam- <br />pa and Green rivers of Dinosaur National Monu- <br />ment. Pages 605-612 in R. M. Linn, editor. Pro- <br />ceedings ofthe first conference on scientific research <br />in national parks. U.S. National Park Service, <br />Washington, D.C. <br />Tyus, H. M., B. D. Burdick, R. A. Valdez, C. M. Haynes, <br />T. A. Lytle, and C. R. Berry. 1982. Fishes of the <br />upper Colorado River basin: distribution, abun- <br />dance, and status. Pages 12-70 in W. H. Miller, H. <br />M. Tyus, and C. A. Carlson, editors. Fishes of the <br />upper Colorado River system: present and future. <br />American Fisheries Society, Western Division, Be- <br />thesda, Maryland. <br />Tyus, H. M., and C. W. McAda. 1984. Migration, <br />movements, and habitat preferences of Colorado <br />squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius, in the Green, White, <br />and Yampa rivers, Colorado and Utah. Southwest- <br />ern Naturalist 29:289-299. <br />Wick, E. J., C. W. McAda, and R. V. Bulkley. 1982. <br />Life history and prospects for recovery of the ra- <br />zorback sucker. Pages 120-126 in W. H. Miller, H. <br />M. Tyus, and C. A. Carlson, editors. Fishes of the <br />upper Colorado River system: present and future. <br />American Fisheries Society, Western Division, Be- <br />thesda, Maryland. <br />Winter, J. D. 1983. Underwater biotelemetry. Pages <br />371-396 in L. A. Nielsen and D. L. Johnson, edi- <br />tors. Fisheries techniques. American Fisheries So- <br />ciety, Bethesda, Maryland. <br />Wydoski, R., and L. Emery. 1983. Tagging and mark- <br />ing. Pages 215-237 in L. A. Nielsen and D. L. John- <br />son, editors. Fisheries techniques. American Fish- <br />eries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. <br /> <br />Received September 19, I98(i <br />Accepted February 2, 1987 <br /> <br />~, <br /> <br />.. .. <br /> <br />~. <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />~ <br />