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7/14/2009 5:01:47 PM
Creation date
5/20/2009 1:36:51 PM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
9553
Author
Valdez, R. A. and R. T. Muth
Title
Ecology and Conservation of Native Fishes in the Upper Colorado River Basin
USFW Year
2005
USFW - Doc Type
American Fisheries Society Symposium
Copyright Material
YES
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<br />178 <br /> <br />VALDEZ AND MUTH <br /> <br />from 11 m near the base of Glen Canyon Dam to <br />55.5 m near the mouth of Dark Canyon, about 290 <br />km upstream of the dam (Ferrari 1988). <br />Other water-quality parameters have been vari- <br />ouslyaffected by human activities in the upper basin. <br />High concentrations of radio nuclides (i.e., uranium <br />and uranium daughter products) were reported from <br />uranium mill wastes that spilled and killed fish in the <br />San Miguel and Dolores rivers in the 1960s (Sigler et <br />al. 1966), and the Atlas Mills tailings pile on the banks <br />of the Colorado River near Moab, Utah, releases am- <br />monia and other toxins. Heavy metals, such as mer- <br />cury, lead, zinc, iron, copper, and cadmium were re- <br />leased in high concentrations by extensive mining ac- <br />tivities in the San Miguel River and Red Creek, tribu- <br />taries of the Dolores River in Colorado. High concen- <br />trations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are as- <br />sociated with oil and gas extraction in the San Juan <br />River subbasin (Holden 1999), and high concentra- <br />tions of selenium are in the San Juan, Green, and up- <br />per Colorado rivers in drainages, seeps, and floodplains <br />associated with Mancos Shale formations. Selenium is <br />hypothesized as an inhibitor of reproduction and studies <br />suggest deleterious effects on rawrback sucker and <br />possibly Colorado pikeminnow (Hamilton and <br />Wiedmeyer 1990; Stephens et al. 1992; Hamilton and <br />Waddell 1994; Hamilton et al. 1996; Stephens and <br />Waddell 1998; Osmundson et al. 2000). <br /> <br />Species Conservation Programs <br /> <br />Four species conservation programs currently coor- <br />dinate activities in the upper basin to protect and con- <br />serve five federally endangered fishes and one un- <br />listed subspecies. Two of these are recovery programs <br />that encompass much of the upper basin. The Up- <br />per Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Pro- <br />gram (UCRRP) and the San Juan River Basin Re- <br />covery Implementation Program (SJRIP) were <br />formed in 1988 and 1992, respectively, under coop- <br />erative agreements to resolve water resource issues in <br />concert with conservation of endangered species. The <br />UCRRP is working to recover the Colorado <br />pikeminnow, humpback chub, bonytail, and razor- <br />back sucker. The SJRlP focuses on recovery of the <br />Colorado pikeminnow and razorback sucker. Public <br />laws 106-392 and 107-375 provide authorities for <br /> <br />capital construction projects and ongoing operations <br />and maintenance funding for both recovery pro- <br />grams. Costs of these programs are shared and total <br />agency contributions for the UCRRP from 1989 <br />through 2005 were about $150 million, and about <br />$27 million for the SJRlP from 1992 through 2005. <br />Kendall Warm Springs dace is managed under an <br />endangered species management program. Conser- <br />vation agreements have been developed among state <br />and federal agencies for unlisted species. One agree- <br />ment and strategy includes Colorado River cutthroat <br />trout, and another agreement includes roundtail <br />chub, flannel-mouth sucker, and bluehead sucker, <br />with strategies to be developed by the states. <br /> <br />Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish <br />Recovery Program (UCRRP) <br /> <br />The UCRRP was established under a cooperative <br />agreement in 1988 as a coordinated effort of state <br />and federal agencies, water users, energy distribu- <br />tors, and environmental groups to recover four spe- <br />cies of endangered fish in the upper basin while wa- <br />ter development proceeds in compliance with fed- <br />eral and state laws (U.S. Department of the Interior <br />1987; Wydoski and Hamill 1991; Evans 1993). <br />Activities and progress of the UCRRP are intended <br />to serve as the reasonable and prudent alternative <br />to avoid the likelihood of jeopardizing the contin- <br />ued existence of the endangered fishes and destruc- <br />tion or adverse modification of critical habitat. The <br />UCRRP is coordinated by the U.S. Fish and Wild- <br />life Service (USFWS) and functions under the prin- <br />ciples of adaptive management. A Recovery Imple- <br />mentation Program Recovery Action Plan (RIPRAP) <br />provides an operational plan to implement the <br />UCRRP, including development of the work plan <br />and future budget needs. The RlPRAP includes the <br />following six program elements. <br />Habitat management.-Identification, acquisi- <br />tion, and legal protection of in stream flows are key <br />elements to secure, protect, and manage habitat for <br />self-sustaining populations of endangered and other <br />native fishes (Tyus 1992; Stanford 1994). The first <br />step in instream-flow protection is identification of <br />flows necessary for species' life histories. Necessary <br />flow regimes seek to mimic natural flow parterns in- <br />cluding high spring runoff to reshape the habitat <br />
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