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<br />been summarized in various papers (e.g., U.S. Fish
<br />and Wildlife Service 1969; Pister 1976). Deci-
<br />sions regarding alterations to the environment
<br />must be based on sound ecological principles if
<br />water development is to be compatible with the
<br />ecosystem. Often certain species of our native
<br />flora and fauna serve as "environmental barome-
<br />ters" of the quality of land and water. When
<br />these species begin to disappear, it is a warn-
<br />ing that something has changed in the ecosystem
<br />that may also affect man. In addition, the U.S.
<br />Fish and wildlife Service (1969) has taken the
<br />position that the true value of any wildlife spe-
<br />cies grows greater as its numbers decline, for in
<br />a few individuals are concentrated all the worth
<br />of one small but valuable part of our environment.
<br />
<br />Natural areas that are within federal refuges,
<br />monuments, or parks can provide suitable habitat
<br />for threatened or endangered species if the habi-
<br />tat can be protected. Interpretive programs in
<br />geology are being used by the National Park Serv-
<br />ice at Dinosaur National Monument. Although these
<br />programs help to interpret the geological evolu-
<br />tion that has occurred in these areas, other
<br />interpretive programs could be developed to de-
<br />scribe the dynamic evolution as in endemic fish
<br />species that is occurring in the Monument today.
<br />
<br />LITERATURE CITED
<br />
<br />BISHOP, A.B., M.D. CHAMBERS, W.O. MACE, and D.W.
<br />MILLS. 1975. Water as a factor in energy re-
<br />sources development. Water Res. Lab., Utah
<br />State Univ., Logan, PRJER028-1. 104 pp.
<br />CRAWFORD, A.B., and D.F. PETERSON. 1974. Environ-
<br />mental management of the Colorado River basin.
<br />Utah State Univ. Press, Logan. 313 pp.
<br />DILL, W.A. 1944. The fishery of the lower Colo-
<br />rado River. Calif. Fish Game 30(2) :109-211.
<br />DOUGLAS, P.A. 1952. Notes on the spawning of
<br />the humpback sucker, xyrauchen cexanus (Ab-
<br />bott). Californi3. Fish & Game 38(2):149-155.
<br />GUSTAFSON, E.S. 1975. Early development, adult
<br />sexual dimorphism, and fecundity of the razor-
<br />back sucker, xyrauchen texanus (Abbott). Final
<br />Rep. to U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Contract No.14-
<br />16-0002-3585. 43 pp. .
<br />HOLDEN, P.B. 1973. Distribution, abundance, and
<br />life history of the fishes of the upper Colo-
<br />rado River basin. Ph.D. Thesis, Utah State
<br />Univ., Logan. 58 pp.
<br />HOLDEN, P.B., and C.B. STALNAKER. 1975a. Distri-
<br />bution and abundance of mainstream fishes of
<br />the middle and upper Colorado River basins,
<br />1967-1973. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104(2) :217-
<br />231-
<br />HOLDEN, P.B., and C.B. STALNAKER. 1975b. Distri-
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<br />systems of the upper Colorado basin. Southwest.
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<br />HUBBS, C.L., andR.R. MILLER. 1953. Hybridiza-
<br />tion in nature between the fish genera Cato-
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<br />Arts Lett. 39(1952) :207-241.
<br />JONEZ, A., and R.C. SUMNER. 1954. Lakes Mead
<br />and Mohave investigations. Nevada Fish and
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<br />MCADA, C., and K. SEETHALER. 1975. Investiga-
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<br />Prog. Rep. (June 1, 1974-0ct. 31, 1975), U.S.
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<br />MILLER, R.R. 1946. Gila cqpha, a remarkable new
<br />species of cyprinid fish from the Colorado
<br />River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. J. Wash. Acad.
<br />ScL 36 (12) :409-413.
<br />MILLER, R.R. 1959. Origin and affinities of the
<br />freshwater fish fauna of western North America.
<br />
<br />Pages 187-222 in C.L. Hubbs, ed., Zoogeogra-
<br />phy. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Publ. 51.
<br />MILLER, R.R. 1972. Threatened freshwater fishes
<br />of the United States. Trans. Am. Fish Soc.
<br />101(2) :239-252.
<br />MINCKLEY, W.L. 1973. Fishes of Arizona. Ari-
<br />zona Game Fish Dep., Phoenix. 293 pp.
<br />MINCKLEY, W.L., and J.E. DEACON. 1968. South-
<br />western fishes and the enigma of "endangered
<br />species". Science 159:1424-1432.
<br />OHMART, R.D., W.O. DEASON, and S.J. FREELAND.
<br />1975. Dynamics of marsh land formation and
<br />succession along the lower Colorado River and
<br />the importance and management problems as re-
<br />lated to wildlife in the arid Southwest.
<br />Trans. N.A. Wildl. Nat. Resources Conf. 45:
<br />240-251-
<br />PISTER, E.P. 1976. A rationale for the manage-
<br />ment of nongame fish and wildlife. Fisheries
<br />1 (1) :11-14.
<br />RICHARDSON, W.M. 1976. Technical committee
<br />minutes. Colorado River Wildlife Council,
<br />Las Vegas, Nevada (February 19, 1976):12-18.
<br />TONEY, D.P. 1974. Observations on the propaga-
<br />tion and rearing of two endangered fish spe-
<br />cies in a hatchery environment. Proc. West.
<br />Assoc. State Game Fish. Comm. 54:252-259.
<br />U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1969. The
<br />right to exist. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.,
<br />Resour. Publ. 69. 12 pp.
<br />U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1973. Threat-
<br />ened wildlife of the United States. U.S. Fish
<br />Wildl. Serv., Resour. Publ. 114. 289 pp.
<br />U.S. 93RD CONGRESS. 1973. Endangered species
<br />act of 1973 - Public Law 93-205. Senate and
<br />House of Representatives of the United States
<br />of America Congress, 93rd Congress, Public
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<br />UTAH WATER RESEARCH LABORATORY. 1975. Colorado
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<br />VANICEK, C.D. 1967. Ecological studies of native
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<br />1964-66. Ph.D. Thesis, Utah State Univ.,
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<br />VANICEK, C.D., and R.H. K~~R. 1969. Life
<br />history of the Colorado squawfish, Ptychochei-
<br />lus lucius, and the Colorado chub, Gila ro-
<br />busta, in the Green River in Dinosaur National
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<br />VANICEK, C.D., R.H. KRAMER, and D.R. FRANKLIN.
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<br />
<br />612
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