|
<br />HABITAT REHM1ILlTATION
<br />
<br />237
<br />
<br />dams. I believe that restoring low river stages will transform backwater and channel border habitats through
<br />physical and biotic forces that can improve aquatic habitats when refiooded. Additional efforts must be made
<br />to acquire and restore floodplain habitat, reduce contaminant levels and reduce sediment delivery from the
<br />highly agricultura] basin for the long-term protection of the Upper Mississippi River.
<br />
<br />REFERENCES
<br />
<br />Amoros, C. 1991. 'Changes in side-arm connectivity and implications for river management', Rivers, 2, 105-112.
<br />Angermeier, P. L. and Karr, J. R. 1994. 'Biological integrity versus biological diversity as policy directives', BioScience, 44. 690-697.
<br />Baker, J. A., Killgore, K. J.. and Kasul, R. L. 1991. 'Aquatic habitat and fish communities in the Lower Mississippi River', Aquat. Sci. 3,
<br />313-356.
<br />Bayley, P. B. 1991. 'The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems', Regul. Riv., 6, 75-86.
<br />Bayley, P. B. 1995. 'Understanding large temperate and tropical river-floodplain ecosystems', BioScience, 45,153-158.
<br />Bhowmik, N. G. and Adams, J. R. 1986. 'The hydrologic environment of Pool 19 of the Mississippi River', Hydrobiologia, 136, 21-30.
<br />Bodensteiner, L. R. and Lewis. W. M. 1992. 'Role of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and backwaters in the winter survival of freshwater
<br />drum in the Mississippi River', Can../. Fish. Aqlllll. Sci. 49,173-184.
<br />Bravard, J. P., Amoros. C. and Pautou. P. 1986. 'Impaet of civil engineering works on successions of communities in riverine systems',
<br />Oikos, 47, 92-111.
<br />Cairns, J. Jr 1991. 'The status of the theoretical and applied science of restoration ecology'. The Environmental Professional, 13, 186-194.
<br />Chen, Y. H. and Simons. D. B. 1986. 'Hydrology, hydraulics and geomorphology of the Upper Mississippi River System', Hydrobio-
<br />logia, 136, 5-20.
<br />Davinroy, R. D. 1990. 'Bendway weirs, a new structural solution to navigation problems experienced on the Mississippi River', Perma,
<br />nent II/temational Associatiol/ of Navigation Congresses, 69, 5-18.
<br />Farabee, G. F. 1986. 'Fish species associated with revetted and natural main channel border habitats in Pool 24 of the Upper Mississippi
<br />River'. North Am. J. Fish. Manage., 6, 504-508.
<br />Fremling. C. R. and Claflin, T. O. 1984. 'Ecological history of the Upper Mississippi River' in Wiener, J. G., Anderson, R. V., and
<br />McConville D. R. (Eds), Contaminants of the Upper Mississippi River. Butterworth, Stoneham. 368 pp.
<br />Fremling, C. R. Rasmussen, J. L., Sparks R. E., Cobb. S. P., Bryan, C. F. and Claflin, T. O. 1989. 'Mississippi River fisheries: a case history'
<br />in Dodge, D. P. (Eds), Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 106,309-351.
<br />Frissell, C. A. and Nawa. R. K. 1992. 'Incidence and causes of physical failure of artificial habitat structures in streams of western Ore-
<br />gon and Washington'. .vorth Am. J. Fish. Manag., 12,182-197.
<br />Gore, J. A. and Bryant, F. L. 1988. 'River and stream restoration' in Cairns, J.1. (Ed.), Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems. eRC Press,
<br />Boca Raton. pp. 23-38.
<br />Gore, J. A. and Shields. f. D. Jr 1995. 'Can large rivers be restored? A focus on habitat rehabilitation', BioScience, 45,142-152.
<br />Grubaugh, J. W. and Anderson, R. V. 1988. 'Spacial and temporal availability of floodplain habitat: long term changes at Pool 19,
<br />Mississippi River', Am. Midland NaturaliST, 119,402-4] l.
<br />Junk, W. J. Bayley, P. B. and Sparks R. E. 1989. 'The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems' in Dodge, D. P. (Ed.), Proceedings
<br />of the International Large Ril'er S.l'mposiull1. Can. Spec. Puhl. Fish. Aqua/. Sci., 106, 110-127.
<br />Kelly, J. R. and Harwell. M. A. 1990. 'Indicators of ecosystem recovery', Environ. Manage., 14, 527-546.
<br />Lubinski, K. S.. Carmody. G.. Wilcox. D. and Drazkowski, B. 1991. 'Development of water level regulation strategies for fish and wild-
<br />life, Upper Mississippi River System', Regul. Riv., 4. 117-124.
<br />Mitsch. W. J. and Gooselink. J. G. 1986. Wetlands. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. 539 pp.
<br />Neimi, J. R. and Strauser. C. N. 1991. 'Environmental river engineering', Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses,
<br />73,100-106.
<br />Nelson. J. c., Redmond. A. and Sparks, R. E. 1994. 'Impacts of settlement on floodplain vegetation at the confluence of the Illinois and
<br />Mississippi Rivers'. TraIlS. Illinois State Acad. Sci., 87, 117-133.
<br />Nielsen, D. N., Rada, R. G. and Smart M. M. 1984. 'Sediments in the Upper Mississippi River: their sources, distribution, and char-
<br />acteristics' in Wiener. J. G., Anderson R. V. and McConville, D. R. (eds), Contaminants of the Upper Mississippi River. Butterworth,
<br />Stoneham. pp. 26-67.
<br />Peck, J. H. and Smart, M. M. \986. . An assessment of aquatic and wetland vegetation of the Upper Mississippi River', Hydrobiologia,
<br />136. 57-76.
<br />Petts, G. E. 1989. 'Perspectives for ecological management of regulated rivers' in Gore. J. A. and Petts, G. E. (Eds), Alternatives in
<br />Regulated RiI-er Management. eRC Press, Boca Raton. pp. 3-24.
<br />Regier, H. A., Welcomme. R. L., Steedman, R. J. and Henderson, H. F. 1989. 'Rehabilitation of degraded river systems' in Dodge, D. P.
<br />(Ed.), Proceedings of ,he International Large River Symposium. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 106,86-97.
<br />Shaeffer. W. A. and Nickum. J. G. 1986a. 'Relative abundance of macro invertebrates found in habitats associated with backwater area
<br />confluence in the Upper Mississippi River', Hydrobiologia, 136, 113-120.
<br />Shaeffer. W. A. and Nickum. J. G. 1986b. 'Backwater areas as nursery habitat for fishes in Pool 13 of the Upper Mississippi River',
<br />Hydrobiologia, 136, 131-140.
<br />Sparks, R. E. 1984. 'The role of contaminants in the decline of the Illinois River: implications for the Upper Mississippi', in Wiener, J. G.,
<br />Anderson, R. V., and McConville. D. R. (Eds), Contaminants of the Upper Mississippi River. Butterworth, Stoneham. pp. 25-66.
<br />Sparks, R. E. 1992. 'Risks of altering hydrologic regimes of large rivers' in Cairns, J. Jr, Niederlehner, B. R. and Orvos, D. R. (Eds),
<br />Predicting Ecosrstem Risk. At!mnces in Environmental ToxicoloKl' XX. Princeton Scientific, Princeton. pp. 119-152.
<br />Sparks, R. E. 1995. 'Need for ecosystem management of large rivers and their floodplains'. BioScience. 45,168-182.
<br />
|