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<br />Methodologies
<br />for Preserving
<br />Instrearn Flows,
<br />The Incremental
<br />Method
<br />
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<br />
<br />Clair B. Stalnaker, Ph.D.
<br />Cooperative Instrea?n Flow Seruice Group
<br />Fort Collins, Colorado
<br />
<br />At first glance, there appear to be few common
<br />features among various riverine habitat alterations'
<br />~tre~m dewatering, flow augmentation, channel~
<br />lzatJOn, bank stabilization, habitat improve-
<br />ment, or sedimentation. Each appears to be a unique
<br />problem, requiring a unique solution. However, each
<br />of these problems involves some alteration of river
<br />hydraulics, and the responses of different species to
<br />those changes. Thus, it is possible to utilize standard
<br />methodological approaches in the solution of these
<br />problems. The IFG incremental methodology is rather
<br />unique in attempting to provide physical analyses
<br />appropriate for most all riverine assessment pro-
<br />cedures. It allows quantification of the amount of
<br />physical habitat available for a fish species and life
<br />history phase, in a given reach of stream, at different
<br />stream flow regimes. This paper is meant to provide a
<br />
<br />Clair B. Stalnaker
<br />
<br />D~. Clair Stalnaker has been actively involved
<br />with the administration of multi-disciplinaryand
<br />aquatic r~search programs including systems
<br />and aquatic ecology management, instream flow
<br />methodology assessments, and the physical
<br />aspe~ts of stream ecology. Before assuming the
<br />position of Group Leader, Cooperative Instream
<br />F~ow Service Group, Fort Collins, Colorado. he
<br />dlfected graduate research and taught fishery
<br />m~nagement courses at Utah State University
<br />with the Cooperative Fishery Research Unit and
<br />served as Fishery Research Specialist with the
<br />c Federal Aid in Fish and Wildlife Restoration Pro-
<br />gram of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He
<br />rec~ive~ his B.S..in Forestry from West Virginia
<br />U~/versltya,!dhls. Ph.D. in Animal Ecology from
<br />North Car91lna State University.
<br />
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<br />brief introduction of the IFG incremental method-
<br />ology to UMRBC fishery and water management
<br />personnel.
<br />
<br />The incremental method was developed by per-
<br />sonnel of the Cooperative Instream Flow Service
<br />Group (IFG), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort
<br />Collins, Colorado. The IFG incremental method allows
<br />quantification of the amount of potential physical
<br />habitat available for fish species and life history
<br />phases in a given reach of stream, at different stream-
<br />flow regimes with 'different channel configurations
<br />and slopes.
<br />
<br />This method is composed of four components:
<br />(1) simulation of the stream, (2) determination of the
<br />distribution of combinations of depths, velocities,
<br />substrates, and cover objects, by area, (3) determi-
<br />nation of a composite probability of use for each combi-
<br />nation of depth, velocity, substrate, and cover (where
<br />applicable) found within the stream reach, for each
<br />species and life history phase under investigation; and
<br />(4) the calculation of a weighted usable area (roughly a
<br />habitat's carrying capacity based on physical
<br />conditions alone) for each discharge, species, and life
<br />history phase under investigation. Detailed
<br />information papers are referenced and are available
<br />from the IFG.
<br />
<br />Stream Reach Simulation
<br />
<br />Several hydraulic simulation techniques, with
<br />varying input data requirements and levels of
<br />accuracy are routinely used in assessment of instream
<br />flow requirements. A thorough discussion of the
<br />theory and field data requirements for stream simula-
<br />tion is found in Bovee and Milhous (1978).
<br />
<br />Several computer 'programs are available, which
<br />can predict the hydraulic param.eters of depth,
<br />velocity, width, and stage for different discharges.
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