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minimum amount of water needed and was legally specific: "The fact that the entire flow is needed is a sufficient quantification ofthe right." One of the federal attorneys elaborated: "Indeed, it is neither possible nor necessary to quantify a reserved right for a national park in numerical terms. Natural systems are simply too complex and variable..." (Hill 1993). The same kind of water right protecting all unappropriated flows was recently stipulated for the west side of the park. (Stipulation, September 29, 2000. Civil Action No. 1768, Water Division No.5). Rocky Mountain National Park is an "upstream" park, with most of its streams originating within the park. The same court that ruled on the eastside of Rocky Mountain National Park had previously denied a federally reserved water right protecting the instream flows thought to be needed to maintain the natural characteristics of stream channels in the national forest surrounding the park (Decision, December 29, 1993, Case No. W-8439-76, Water Division No.1). The court distinguished the two cases on the strength of the primary purposes of the national park, as opposed to the primary purposes of the national forest. The court found that one of the primary purposes of a national forest was to maintain "favorable water flows," but determined that the development of those flows was included in that purpose. Although the maintenance of stream channels in pristine condition would serve the purpose of a national park, it would frustrate the water development purpose of a national forest. The NPS and the State of Utah reached an agreement concerning federal reserved rights for instream flows in Zion National Park (Zion National Park Water Rights - Settlement Agreement, December 4, 1996, United States-Utah-Washington County Water Conservancy District-Kane County Water Conservancy District). For most of the streams of Zion National Park, the federal right has been decreed under Utah adjudication procedures as an instream right consisting of all the flows of the stream except for designated amount of future depletion. The NPS subordinated its reserved rights to any existing water right as of January 1, 1996, and any new diversions must be allowed under the future development portion of this upside-down instream flow water right. Zion National Park is not entirely an "upstream" park; large areas of the watershed for the streams flowing through the park are located outside the park. Wild and Scenic Rivers and Wilderness Areas. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (J;3LM) and the USFS have also negotiated upside-down instream flow water rights for wild and scenic rivers under their management. The BLM and the State of Montana have agreed to such a right for the upper Missouri River (Mont. Code Ann. 985-20-501, Art. III, Sec. A). The compact endorses an instream flow right for all of the flows of the designated reaches of the Missouri River, subject to all existing water appropriations and to future development ranging from 35,000 acre-feet in September to 219,000 acre-feet in May. The USFS negotiated a federally reserved water right for the designated reaches of the Cache la Poudre River in Colorado that was quantified as the remaining, native flows in those reaches, subject to valid prior appropriations (Decree, April 13, 1993, Case No. 86CW367, Water Division 1). 12