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7/14/2009 5:01:45 PM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
7374
Author
Sheldon, A. L.
Title
Conservation of Stream Fishes
USFW Year
1988
USFW - Doc Type
Patterns of Diversity, Rarity, and Risk
Copyright Material
YES
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<br /> I <br /> 0 <br /> h J <br /> 9 0 <br /> 0 . <br /> f I <br /> ., de 0 k <br /> . <br /> oom s . <br />a c .n r_f .w <br />0 b 0 . v <br /> 0 . ..x y ,. <br /> u . <br /> q p z <br /> () ..0 () <br /> <br />1>1: <br /> <br />WnSeI1l:JlJOlJ 01 ~tream l:ishes. <br /> <br />. <br />, - <br /> <br />'upla...9.d forms. Wiley & Mayden (1985) map vicariant <br />. fishes separated by large rivers. In summary, a mixture <br />of ecological and evolutionary processes governed by <br />the template of watershed geometry (Leopold, Wolman, <br />& Miller 1964; Richards 1982) is capable of producing <br />a strong positive dependence of fish diversity on drain- <br />age area. If~ depends ona.f~~~ <br />of drainages can be expected.1O ~ diversity ht <br />streams remote from those directly affected by pollu- <br />tionOf' impoundment;( Sheldon 1987). <br />Figure 4 contrasts species-area relationships in tribu- <br />taries of the Mississippi with presently isolated streams <br />draining to the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. All the <br />streams lie in regions of fairly similar rainfall, runoff, and <br />physiography. The independent coastal drainages con- <br />sistently support fewer native fishes than intercon- <br />nected streams of comparable area in the Mississippi <br />system. <br />, An especially vivid demonstration of insular effects <br /> <br />200 <br /> <br />100 <br /> <br />CJ) <br />W <br />U <br />W <br />.0.. <br />en <br /> <br />\0 <br />\000 <br /> <br />(Fig. 4) is provided by two Mississippi tributaries iso- <br />lated by waterfalls (Stauffer et al. 1982; Hocutt et al. <br />1986). Although proximate ecological factors, such as <br />water chemistry and lack of lowland habitats, may be <br />involved, the low diversities of fishes in the New River <br />above Kanawha Falls and the upper Cumberland river <br />above Cumberland Falls are consistent with an hypoth- <br />esis of extreme insularity. (Both streams contain en- <br />demic fishes.) Even small streams having free inter- <br />change with larger systems. support many fish species. <br />For example, Cicerello & Butler (1985) reported 73 <br />species from Buck Creek, Kentucky (drainage area 767 <br />km2), which is a tributary of the Cumberland below the' <br />falls. Excluding 15 species associated with the low- <br />gradient downstream reaches, which are influenced by <br />an impoundment on the Cumberland River, and three <br />introduced or recently invading species, leaves a richer <br />fauna than that of the nearby much larger upper Cum- <br />berland. <br /> <br />10,000 <br />AREA (km2) <br /> <br />100.000 <br /> <br />~heJdon <br /> <br />Figure 4. Species-drainage area curoes for Mississippi tributaries (0), independent Gulf and Atlantic drainages <br />(e), and Mississippi tributaries isolated by major waterfalls (()). a. Guyandotte b. Big South Fork Cumberland <br />c Little Kanawha d Licking e. Big Sandy f Kentucky g. Green h. Cumberland i. Tennessee j Mobile k Santee <br />l Pearl m Escambia n. Neuse o. York p. Rappahannock q. Cumberland above falls r. Pascagoula s. Roanoke <br />t. Savannah lL James v. Pee Dee w Apalachicola x Potomac y. Susquehanna .z: New. <br /> <br />Conservation Biology <br />Volume 2, No. 2,}une 1988 <br /> <br />
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