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Last modified
7/14/2009 5:02:28 PM
Creation date
5/20/2009 10:57:14 AM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
7030
Author
Lanigan, S. H. and C. R. B. Jr.
Title
Abundance and Distribution of Endemic Fish in the White River, Utah.
USFW Year
1979.
USFW - Doc Type
1979.
Copyright Material
NO
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those collected in this study were perhaps 8 to 12 years of age. Vanicek and <br />Kramer (1969) documented a decrease in fish growth rates in the Green River <br />from 1958 to 1965 which they attributed to the cold water flowing from the <br />recently constructed Flaming Gorge Dam. This condition is likely to occur <br />in the White River if a dam is built. <br />The sex of the squawfish could not be determined by external features <br />or by expressing sex products. Seethaler (1978) reported that squawfish greater <br />than 400 mm in length are usually mature, therefore, those collected in this <br />study should have been mature. Since no nuptial tubercles were observed, the <br />fish captured in July were either immature, mature but not ripe, or were females. <br />Specimens collected in September could not be sexed since both male and female <br />appear similar after spawning season. <br />In this study, squawfish were collected in relatively shallow water. One <br />fish was captured in 3 ft (1 m) of water along a low sand bar bank where the <br />bottom was a combination of sand and silt. Two other fish were captured immed- <br />iately downstream from a shallow sand bar where the depth was about 4 ft (1.3 m). <br />Finding fish in waters of this depth may be a function of the efficiency of the <br />sampling gear rather than habitat preference of the fish. Electivity curves <br />derived for adult squawfish demonstrated that the fish prefer eddies, runs and <br />backwaters with a predominately sand substrate (Holden, 1977). Velocity may <br />vary from 0 to over 3 ft (.9 m) per second and depth from 1 ft (.3 m) to 9 ft <br />(3 m). Other authors have reported similar findings (Seethaler 1978). <br />Young-of-the-year squawfish have been found in shallow backwaters where <br />there is little current and a silt bottom (Holden, 1977). Juvenile squawfish <br />have also been found in the deeper sections of backwaters (Vanicek, 1967; <br />Holden, 1977). Although this type of habitat was extensively sampled throughout <br />this study, no young squawfish were found. This finding suggests that the <br />upper 42 mi (76 km) of the White River is not an important squawfish spawning <br />area. <br />Humpback Chub Complex (Gila cypha x Gila elegans) <br />The humpback chub (Gila cypha) has never been abundant in the Colorado <br />River Basin even though it is uniquely suited to the swift currents of <br />large rivers. It is distinguished by the large nuchal hump which rises abruptly <br />from behind the head. Specimens most nearly representing the G. c ha type <br />species, have been collected from the Colorado River in Ruby Canyon (McAda et al., <br />1977). Individuals with smaller nuchal humps and which have some of the charac- <br />teristics of the bonytail chub (G. ele ans) are more commonly found. The
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