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16 BIoLoGICAL REnoRT 11 <br />50 <br />45 <br />40 <br />35 <br />E 30 <br />IL 25 <br />0 <br />20 <br />15 <br />10 <br />5 <br />0 <br />0 <br />50 <br />45 <br />40 <br />35 <br />o -four rods with 0.64-cm diameter <br />x - six sods with 0.64-cm diameter <br />I - four rods with 2.54-cm diameter <br />+ - six sods with 2.54-cm diameter <br />60-cm-length rods suspended from 30.5-cm ring <br />50 100 150 200 <br />Distance (centimeters) <br />30 <br />25 <br />0 <br />20 <br />15 <br />10 <br />5 <br />0 <br />0 <br />50 100 <br />Distance (centimeters) <br />150 <br />sions, the voltage gradient profiles have a wavy <br />appearance caused by measurement artifacts. The <br />numerical calculations for voltage gradient proved <br />to be extremely sensitive to incremental variations <br />in the slope of the voltage profiles, and I found that <br />a measurement error as small as 0.1 volt could <br />create a noticeable undulation in a voltage gradi- <br />ent curve. I will leave it to the reader to mentally <br />average a smooth curve through these experimen- <br />tally induced oscillations. <br />o - four sods with 0.64-cm diameter <br />w - four rods with 2.54-cm diameter <br />• - six rods with 2.54-cm diameter <br />60-cm-length rods suspended from 58-cm ring <br />200 <br />Fig. 15. Voltage profiles for Wisconsin <br />arrays with four and six rods sus- <br />pended from a 30.5-cm supporting <br />ring. <br />Fig. 16. Voltage profiles for Wisconsin <br />arrays with four and six rods sus- <br />pended from a 58-cm supporting ring. <br />The initial values of voltage gradient plotted on <br />Figs. 18 through 23 are not to be interpreted as the <br />maximum values of voltage gradient generated in <br />proximity to an electrode. It would require a re- <br />fined measuring technique to extrapolate this <br />maximum from a voltage profile, and this level of <br />sophistication was beyond the intent of the study. <br />Furthermore, it should be a standard practice <br />when electrofishing to protect the fish from enter- <br />ing this region of the electric field. The most haz-