8183

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 8183
• Author: Korte, N. E.
• Title: Selenium Poisoning of Wildlife and Western Agriculture
• USFW Year: 2000.
• USFW - Doc Type: Cause and Effect.
• Copyright Material: NO

CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... ........................... v
' LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... ......................... vii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................... ........................................ .......................... ix
1. INTRODUCTION .................. ................................................................... ........................... I
1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................ ...........................3
1.2 PROJECT SCOPE .............................................................................. ...........................3
1.3 AREA OF STUDY ............................................................................ ........................... 4
1.4 THE ENDANGERED FISH .............................................................. ........................... 4
1.5 FRAMING THE CONTROVERSIES ................................................. ...........................5
1.5.1 Historical Accounts of Decline of the Endangered Species ...... ...........................5
1.6 DISCUSSION .................................................................................... .........................10
2. SELENIUM CYCLING IN THE ENVIRONMENT ................................... .........................11
2.1 SOURCE ............................................................................................ .........................11
2.2 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY ...................................................................... .........................12
2.2.1 Cycling in Wetlands .................................................................. .........................13
2.3 DISCUSSION .............................:...................................................... .........................13
' 3. BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OF SELENIUM ............................................. .........................15
3.1 TOXICITY TO FISH .......................................................................... .........................16
3.1.1 Acute Toxicity ........................................................................... .........................17
= 3.1.2 Chronic Toxicity ....................................................................... .........................17
3.2 TOXICITY TO BIRDS ....................................................................... .........................20
3.3 DISCUSSION .................................................................................... .........................22
4. HABITAT, NONNATIVE FISH, AND LIFESTYLE ................................ ......................... 22
4.1 HABITAT .......................................................................................... ......................... 22
4.2 NONNATIVE FISH ........................................................................... ......................... 25
4.3 FISH CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................... .........................26
4.3.1 Razorback Sucker ...................................................................... .........................26
4.3.2 Colorado Pikeminnow (Squawfish) ........................................... ......................... 27
4.3.3 Flannelmouth Sucker ................................................................. .........................27
4.4 DISCUSSION .................................................................................... .........................28
5. STANDARDS ........................................................................................... .........................28
5.1 HABITAT CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................ ......................... 28
5.2 CHRONIC CRITERIA ....................................................................... ......................... 29
5.3 ACUTE CRITERIA ............................................................................ .........................30
5.4 DISCUSSION .................................................................................... ........................30
iii