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30 BIOLOGICAL REPORT 90(3) <br />Wetland Type Index <br />For those who are not familiar with the wetland classification system used in this data base (Cowardin et al. <br />1979), the following brief descriptions are provided: <br />Estuarine Tidal wetlands that are usually semi-enclosed by land but have open, partly obstructed, or sporadic <br />access to the open ocean; ocean water is at least occasionally diluted by freshwater runoff. Salinities range from <br />hyperhaline (40 ppt) to oligohaline (0.5-5 ppt). These systems are generally low energy. Examples: estuaries, <br />lagoons, embayments. <br />Lacustrine Permanently flooded lakes, reserviors, and intermit- tent lakes (e.g., playa lakes) that are <br />characterized by total surface area greater than 8 ha and depths greater than 2 in in the deepest part of the basin <br />at low water, or with active wave-formed or bedrock shorelines. "Limnetic" refers to all deepwater habitats; <br />"littoral" refers to the area from the shoreward boundary to a depth of 2 in below low water. <br />Marine The open ocean which overlies the continental shelf, and its associated high-energy coastline. In subtidal <br />systems, the substrate is continuously submerged, while in intertidal areas the substrate is periodically exposed <br />and flooded by tides (intertidal includes the associated splash zone). <br />Palustrine Nontidal wetlands that are dominated by trees, shrubs, emergents, or emergent mosses or lichens. <br />They are characterized by surface areas less than 8 ha and water depth less than 2 m in the deepest part of the <br />basin at low water, lack of active wave-formed or bedrock shoreline features, and salinity of less than 0.5 ppt. <br />Examples: marshes, swamps, bogs, fens, prairie potholes, wet meadows, pocosins, and ponds. <br />Riverine All wetlands contained within a channel, except those with salinity greater than 0.5 ppt or where trees, <br />shrubs, persistent emergents, or emergent mosses or lichens are dominant. Tidal: low gradient; tidal influence; <br />streambed mainly mud with some sand. Lower perennial: low gradient; slow water velocity; no tidal influence; <br />substrate primarily sand and mud. Upper perennial: high gradient; fast water velocity; no tidal influence; <br />substrate is rock, cobble, or gravel with occasional sand. Intermittent: channel contains nontidal flowing water <br />for only part of the year. <br />Estuarine (general): 8, 37, 81, 94, 143, 172, 190, 194, 199, <br />238, 254, 271, 282, 340, 385, 386, 409, 412, 425, 439, <br />441, 502, 512, 515, 562, 568, 576, 580, 581, 634, 647, <br />649, 715, 721, 767, 784, 785, 790, 806, 857, 891, 892, <br />909, 968, 1012, 1049, 1059, 1089 <br />Estuarine, intertidal (general): 6,32,43,44,52,133, 195, <br />216, 237, 253, 266, 283, 298, 304, 353, 356, 394, 402, <br />506, 508, 541, 543, 575, 579, 612, 622, 660, 698, 702, <br />738, 742, 846, 877, 889, 906, 907, 910, 957, 960, 989, <br />993, 1040, 1046, 1051, 1066, 1097 <br />Estuarine, intertidal- aquatic bed: 38, 46, 89, 92, 98, 99, <br />148, 158, 172, 184, 188, 206, 212, 230, 243, 244, 251, <br />262, 263, 273, 275, 278, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, <br />312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 329, 334, 348, 373, <br />379, 413, 419, 431, 456, 461, 467, 469, 471, 495, 504, <br />513, 519, 520, 522, 523, 524, 547, 571, 574, 597, 612, <br />617, 625, 632, 635, 653, 729, 730, 754, 755, 756, 757, <br />758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 766, 789, 799, 804, 813, 825, <br />846, 873, 893, 928, 933, 947, 958, 967, 970, 971, 972, <br />973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 980, 987, 1011, 1017, 1024, <br />1034,1051,1096 <br />Estuarine, intertidal-emergent (all): 3, 12, 14, 15, 17, <br />40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 50, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 66, 69, 73, <br />85, 86, 98, 99, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, <br />123, 126, 127, 130, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, <br />158, 159, 161, 164, 167, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, <br />178, 179, 182, 183, 187, 189, 195, 196, 206, 210, 211, <br />212, 213, 214, 215, 221, 224, 227, 230, 240, 244, 246, <br />250, 251, 257, 261, 265, 269, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, <br />278, 281, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 322, 335, 336, 337, <br />338, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 350, 351, 352, <br />356, 360, 361, 366, 373, 377, 383, 394, 400, 402, 404, <br />408, 409, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 426, 430, 431, <br />440, 455, 456, 461, 462, 469, 479, 481, 482, 492, 494, <br />495, 499, 501, 503, 504, 505, 522, 528, 538, 539, 541, <br />542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 548, 549, 550, 552, 553, 555, <br />556, 557, 558, 564, 565, 569, 570, 571, 572, 574, 586, <br />587, 588, 590, 591, 597, 599, 603, 606, 607, 613, 614, <br />619, 625, 629, 630, 633, 636, 638, 641, 655, 657, 659, <br />660, 672, 677, 678, 679, 701, 702, 703, 704, 707, 708, <br />712, 713, 715, 725, 737, 739, 745, 746, 753, 757, 763, <br />764, 766, 770, 771, 775, 781, 786, 787, 794, 799, 802, <br />803, 804, 805, 808, 829, 833, 839, 840, 845, 846, 852, <br />859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 869, 870, 871, <br />872, 881, 883, 888, 890, 892, 893, 894, 901, 902, 903, <br />904, 905, 907, 908, 918, 920, 921, 924, 927, 933, 944, <br />945, 953, 954, 955, 958, 987, 992, 999,1005,1006,1013, <br />1017, 1022, 1024, 1031, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, <br />1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1053, 1059, 1067, 1068, 1075, <br />1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, <br />1090, 1091, 1092, 1093,1094, 1095, 1096,1097 <br />Estuarine, intertidal-emergent (USFWS Region 1): <br />98, 99,116,126, 148, 149, 154, 172, 177, 178, 189, 195, <br />196, 206, 221, 227, 257, 281, 298, 299, 300, 335, 336, <br />337, 352, 366, 383, 408, 426, 440, 481, 482, 501, 503, <br />504, 505, 522, 528, 539, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, <br />549, 555, 564, 569, 570, 572, 586, 619, 630, 636, 655, <br />659, 660, 672, 679, 701, 702, 703, 707, 708, 712, 713, <br />725, 746, 757, 764, 766, 786, 846, 869, 883, 890, 893, <br />894, 953, 954, 999,1017,1022,1031,1053,1059,1067,