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WETLAND CREATION/RESTORATION 11 Hydrology (Hydro). Hydrology denotes the measure- ment of hydrologic variables: flood control, hydroperiod, water supply, flow stabilization, groundwater recharge or discharge, and stormwater retention. Soil. Soil describes the physical characteristics of soil and sediment, such as temperature, elevation, erosion control, and shoreline or sediment stabilization. Water Quality (Wqual).Water quality measurements include turbidity, temperature, trophic state, sediment- trapping, and monitoring of pH, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen, and nutrients. Economics (Eton). This key word indicates that an article contains specific reference to the costs of the creation or restoration project. Examples include eco- nomic analysis; cost comparisons; dollar benefits; labor requirements; costs of monitoring, planting, or equip- ment; criteria for estimating project costs; economic ef- fects of restoration efforts; and project feasibility studies. Chemical (Chem). Chemical concentrations are measured or monitored for other variables in the re- sponse field, such as vegetation, water quality, or soil. Thus, Chem is always coded with another key word (e.g., Veg, Wqual, Soil). Success. Success denotes specific information re- garding the evaluation of the success of a wetland resto- ration or creation project. Success is interpreted to mean more than, "If it's green after one growing season, it's a success." It may include monitoring a site over a longer-than-usual period, guidelines for determining criteria for success, guidelines for determining mitiga- tion success, or evaluation of project results in terms of wetland functions and values. The most frequently measured responses were vege- tation (65%), soil (29%), chemistry (28%), and water quality (25%; Fig. 8). Regarding projects undertaken to improve or restore habitat, birds were cited in 18% of 65.18 Cl) D O U W CC 20 LL O 11 0 0 30 10 Z =+ r 0 } 0 O O w J V- 0 oC oC a x d a M _J LL U) H g U= O U. O x m m 2 Z a m J w W M O Z co w Q W x w 0 xU) oC 8 Q O Q x x a= > a W ? x 3 N Z = a `n ? z RESPONSE Based on 1100 Records in the Wetland Creation/Restoration Data Base Fig. 8. Responses measured for Wetland Creation/Restoration projects.