Laserfiche WebLink
net and used a motor boat to scare or `drive' fish from inside the backwater toward the river <br />channel, thereby ensnaring fish in the net (see Osmundson and Burnham, 1996 for more <br />details). This procedure made netting an 'active' rather than a passive capture method. <br />Three passes were made through the entire upper study area each spring. Two passes were <br />made through the lower study area each spring. During each pass, we netted every backwater <br />we suspected adult Colorado squawfish might use. In some portions of river, where <br />backwater habitats were rare, both shorelines were electrofished with a 4.9-m, jon boat <br />equipped with a Coffelt WP-15 (Coffelt Manufacturing, Flagstaff, Arizona) using pulsed DC <br />current. <br />Captured fish were scanned for a PIT tag, and tagged if one was not detected. PIT tags <br />(Biomark, Inc., Boise, Idaho) were implanted in the body cavity using a hypodermic needle <br />after fish were anesthetized with Tricane methanesulfonate. Each PIT tag had a unique, 10- <br />digit, alpha-numeric code that was read with an electronic scanner and recorded in the field. <br />PIT tags were inserted 2-5 mm posterior to the base of the left pelvic fin. Samples of five to <br />eight scales were removed with forceps from between the lateral line and insertion of the <br />dorsal fin. The scales were placed between wax paper and kept in labeled envelopes. <br />Maximum total length (TL), as defined by Anderson and Gutreuter (1983), was measured and <br />fish were released after recovery from the anesthetic. <br />We supplemented our data with additional capture records obtained from various sources, <br />including those from a pilot netting and PIT-tagging exercise we conducted in the upper reach <br />during 1990. The Colorado Division of Wildlife contributed 1991 through 1995 capture <br />records and some recapture data was provided by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources <br />(UDWR); both agencies conduct annual electrofishing surveys of the river. U. S. Fish and <br />Wildlife Service (FWS) capture records from a 1994-1996 survey of the lower 3.5 km of the <br />Gunnison River (Burdick 1996), and from a 1995-1996 survey of flooded ponds near RK 262, <br />were used. Length frequency data collected by FWS in 1982 were also utilized. <br />Calculation of Growth <br />The standard approach used in describing ages of fish is not intuitive. When the length of a <br />fish at age 1 is reported, age 1 is not its first birthday'(or hatchday) as one would expect but <br />rather its first winter, i.e., the time when growth slows down or stops for the year and closely <br />packed circuli are laid down. In the Northern Hemisphere, the convention is to standardize all <br />birthdates as January 1 (Jearld 1983). A fish captured between its first and second winter <br />period is described as being age 1+, implying that it is greater than one year old when in fact it <br />may not have reached its first real birthday. Because we used measurements of fish rather <br />than back-calculated estimates of length, we deviated from this convention and attempted to <br />describe the length of Colorado squawfish at their approximate summer birth date. <br />A-4