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externally into the specific area of epidermis. This was achieved by rapid <br />repeated (about 30 each per side) penetration of the epidermis with the needle. <br />Culture <br />Outdoor Pond. Well water was continuously introduced (94.6 lpm) into the <br />pond to replace that lost to seepage and evaporation at a temperature of 17.8° <br />C. Fish were fed Silvercup Salmon diet size No. 4 and 1/8" at 3~ of body weight <br />per day to supplement food produced naturally in the pond. Ponds were drained <br />periodically (spring and fall) to examine study-fish for the presence of tags and <br />marks, and obtain survival and growth data. Fish were not treated for disease <br />or parasites during this study. <br />Outdoor Raceway. The raceway received a constant supply (56.8 lpm) of <br />17.8° C ground water. Fish were fed the same diet as those in ponds. The only <br />parasite encountered in raceway fishes was Ichthyophthirius multifillis. SiX <br />treatments of formalin (25 mg/1) and malachite green (0.1 mg/1) were administered <br />to control this parasite. <br />Monitorin4 <br />Juvenile fish from the pond and raceway were examined at day 195, 343, and <br />511. The presence of a PIT tag was checked in Colorado squawfish broodstock <br />twice following tagging (approximately at 20 and 24 months); razorback sucker <br />broodstock were checked once following tagging (approximately at 18 months). The <br />number of dead fish observed between examination periods was recorded. <br />Prior to examination, all fish were anesthetized and the following <br />information was collected from each fish: 1) presence of the secondary mark (fin <br />removal), 2) verification of the primary tag or mark, and 3) length (nearest 2 <br />mm FL), and weight (nearest 0.1 g). For a mark to be verified, it must have been <br />10 <br />