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Who pays? \ " BonnevUle also is repaying past invest- ments for fish ladders that were installed when the dams were built, for salmon barg- ing facilities, prid for protective screens and , bypass systemS at the dams. But this strategy rec- ognizes that the dams were not the only cause of the salmon decline. So, funding to address damages not , caused by the dams must also be provided by regional, national . and local sources. . We ask the states to absorb some costs, such as the expensel of administering neces- sary changes in salmon management. In ad- dition, the Endangered Species Act is federal legislation, and regional actions to comply . with the Act address national ~s well as re- gional concerns. Federal agencies milst as- . sume an appropriate share of responsibility ior payirig the cost of salmon recovery. . ~ . C. ongress has appropriated; approxi- - . mately $100 million for 1993 Colum- . bia Basin salmon rebuilding activities. These appropriations will enable the Bureau of Reclamation, National Marine Fisheries The salmon . .. . . can. . t.hr. t.ove . .. without hobbling our economy, and the economy can flourish without killing off the fish. .1963 First nuclear power plant at the Hanford Nucleat Reser- vationin Washington, ending the "aJ/-hydropowerera" m~eNMhw~t . We have no doubt that the Northvxest can make this transition, but it will not come cheaply, quickly or without com- plications. The first steps taken over the past decade have already cost hundreds of mil- lions of dollars. Much of tnat came from electric- ity ratepayers. In 1991, Bonneville Power AdmiI\istration costs to'implement the Council's fish and wild- life program totaled approximately $110 mil- lion. These costs include both program projects and lost power revenues from changes in the ,operatlon of the hydroelectric system. Esti- mates of fish and wildlife program costs for 1993 range from $180 million to $210 mil- lion, depending on the amount of revenue lost when river flows are increased to improve salmon survival. The cost of the new ratepayer-funded actions in this strategy translate into an increase of about 4 percent in Bonneville wholesale power rates. The increase at the , retail level will vary by utility, but on aver- age, the retail increase will be about 2 per- cent. 1963 . Columbia River Treaty between the United States andCanada signed to coordinate water storage in the upper Columbia Basin and maximize power production in the Unit~d States.