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In the rivers, too, hatchery fish are a problem because 1- they can-overwhelm ' salmon from those 'rivers. There needs to' be a better under- standing of how many juvenile fish. \ the Columbia Basin can support. This "caFrying capacity:'. has an impact on the survival of all salmon in the river. I' tis a vexing puzzle: the . . number of fish spawning in rivers,is ,declining, and hatch~ ery fi~h couldhe1p; \ yet interbreeding could further imperil the naturally spawn:" , ing species. Whatto;do? State and federal fishery managers must develop cohsis- tent hatchery practice. es that enable hatchery fish to survive in the natural environrrlent without harming the fish that spawn there naturally. , 1949-1957 Ten new dalTls planned or completed in Coll,lmbia River Basin. When hatchery fish are' released into streams to rebuild runs that are," facing extinction-a' practice called "supplementation" - cautiot;l m,ust be taken' to measure and minimize genetic and ertvironmen- _ tal impacts. , We call for-experiments to test supplementation as - a means of conserving and rebuilding naturally reproducing "salmon pop- ulations: Both e~sting and new supplementation projects must be eva- luated in terms of their ,. cunnilative effects on salmon'runs. .p. .inallx, we need ad-, . ,ditional research into fish survival , requirements so that we can tailor our actions to improve conditions for a~ , salmon. In,particular, we need a deCller uIjlder- standing of how Il1any salmon are needed to sustain a given run , over many future generations, and what protections these fish .need in their environ- : ment. \ ' ), \ F.. ish.e ryro' . managers must ' develop consistent hatchery, . practices that enable hatchery fish to survive in the natural, environment, witho~t , \ harming fish that spawn natu~ally in our rIvers. ., ., 1956 i . , On April 20, Columbia Basin Indians ronduct the last of the "First Salmon" rites - at Celilo Vii/age before it is nooded by the reservoir behind The Dalles Dam. . "