Laserfiche WebLink
flow during September through February. Median annual <br />dissolved-solids load significantly increased by 1,740 tons/yr, <br />and median annual flow-adjusted concentration significant- <br />ly increased by 13.9 mg/L per year. These increases repre- <br />sent a 79-percent change in median annual streamflow, a <br />53-percent change in median annual load, and a 17-percent <br />change in median annual flow-adjusted concentration dur- <br />ing the period of record. Based on the monthly time series <br />of streamflow and dissolved-solids load, irrigation-return <br />flows increased until about 1966 and since then have re- <br />mained relatively stable. <br />Big Sandy River at Gasson Bridge, near Eden, Wyo. (site 28) <br />Site 28 (table 3, pl. 1) is about 10 mi downstream from <br />site 27. Streamflow is similar at the two sites but averages <br />21 ft3/s greater at site 28 (fig. 15D) because of irrigation- <br />return flows that enter the stream by seepage through shallow <br />aquifers. Mean annual dissolved-solids load increased from <br />82,000 tons at site 27 to 163,000 tons at site 28 (table 7). <br />Dissolved sodium and sulfate composed 82 percent of the <br />increased dissolved-solids load. The mean annual dissolved- <br />sulfate load of 100,000 tons almost equaled the dissolved- <br />sulfate load of the Green River at site 25, with a drainage <br />area of 4,280 mil, compared to only 1,720 mil at site 28. <br />Bitter Creek above Salt Wells Creek, near Salt Wells, Wyo. (site 29) <br />The headwaters of Bitter Creek are not in a moun- <br />tainous region but are in a semiarid area along the southwest <br />border of the Great Divide Basin. Consequently, streamflow <br />of Bitter Creek at site 29 (table 3, pl. 1) has only a modest, <br />early snowmelt-runoff season (fig. 15E). The stream dries <br />up during the summer, except after thunderstorms, which <br />produce short, intense flood peaks. Thunderstorms decrease <br />as the weather cools during September, and the creek general- <br />ly is dry through the winter months. The flow-weighted <br />dissolved-solids concentration averaged about 1,300 mg/L <br />during 1977-81 (table 7). Chemical composition, as in the <br />Big Sandy River, is predominantly sodium and sulfate dur- <br />ing all seasons. The proportions of dissolved sodium and <br />chloride are larger and the proportions of dissolved calcium <br />and sulfate are smaller than in Big Sandy River. There is <br />no significant water use upstream from site 29. Downstream <br />from the site, Salt Wells Creek converges with Bitter Creek, <br />increasing streamflow and dissolved-solids concentration <br />before the creek empties into the Green River. Lowham and <br />others (1982) described the water chemistry of Salt Wells <br />Creek in detail. They reported that the dissolved-solids con- <br />centration ranges from 100 mg/L in the headwaters to 3,000 <br />mg/L near the mouth. <br />Green River near Green River, Wyo. (site 30) <br />Site 30 (table 3, pl. 1) is about 50 mi downstream from <br />Fontenelle Dam, 0.1 mi downstream from Bitter Creek, and <br />4 mi upstream from the high-water line of Flaming Gorge <br />Reservoir. Samples for water-quality analyses are collected <br />upstream from the streamflow-gaging station and Bitter <br />Creek. The seasonal pattern of streamflow has been altered <br />slightly by regulation of flow at Fontenelle Reservoir (fig. <br />15F). The predominant ions are calcium and bicarbonate dur- <br />ing the snowmelt-runoff season (May through August). <br />Calcium, sodium, and sulfate predominate during the re- <br />mainder of the year. The flow-weighted dissolved-solids con- <br />centration averaged 309 mg/L during 1964-83 (table 7). <br />The site was evaluated for annual step trends caused <br />by Fontenelle Dam. The period of record was separated into <br />preintervention (1952-63) and postintervention (1964-83) <br />periods. The postintervention period generally has had larger <br />streamflow, but because of the variability from year to year, <br />the annual step trend in streamflow was not significant. The <br />step-trend analysis indicated a significant increase in annual <br />dissolved-solids load of 118,000 tons, a 26-percent change <br />from the preintervention median load (table 4). Most of this <br />increase was attributable to changes in sodium and sulfate <br />loads, possibly from dissolution of minerals from the bank <br />material of Fontenelle Reservoir and from increased <br />dissolved-solids loads from the Big Sandy River. Monthly <br />step trends indicated that streamflow and dissolved-solids <br />load increased during the low-flow season because of releases <br />from Fontenelle Reservoir (fig. 16). However, they did not <br />decrease during the high-flow season because of the generally_ <br />larger flows during the postintervention period, especially <br />during 1983. <br />For the preintervention period, annual monotonic-trend <br />analyses indicated a marginally significant decrease in <br />dissolved-solids load of 15,600 tons/yr. This trend represents <br />a 34-percent decrease in the median annual load during the <br />12-year period. This trend may be related to climate; several <br />years of high streamflow occurred early in the period. No <br />statistically significant annual monotonic trends were detected <br />for the postintervention period. <br />Blacks Fork near Lyman, Wyo. (site 31) <br />Blacks Fork, upstream from site 31 (table 3, pl. 1), <br />drains the northern slopes of the Uinta Mountains (fig. 2). <br />Despite large tracts of irrigated land, flow regulation was <br />not begun until late 1981 (Meeks Cabin Dam), and the <br />streamflow hydrograph indicates a well-defined snowmelt- <br />runoff peak during June (fig. 15G). The flow-weighted <br />dissolved-solids concentration averaged 697 mg/L during <br />1963-83 (table 7). The predominant ions are sodium and <br />sulfate throughout the year. Dissolved sodium and sulfate <br />compose 70 percent of the dissolved-solids load during the <br />low-flow season. This chemical composition is affected by <br />return flow from irrigated land underlain by Cretaceous and <br />Tertiary shale. No statistically significant trends were in- <br />dicated for the period of record. <br />Blacks Fork near Little America, Wyo. (site 32) <br />The streamflow at site 32 (table 3, pl. 1) includes the <br />streamflow at site 31 plus the streamflow of Hams Fork and <br />Upper Green Subregion 37