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flow during September through February. Median annual
<br />dissolved-solids load significantly increased by 1,740 tons/yr,
<br />and median annual flow-adjusted concentration significant-
<br />ly increased by 13.9 mg/L per year. These increases repre-
<br />sent a 79-percent change in median annual streamflow, a
<br />53-percent change in median annual load, and a 17-percent
<br />change in median annual flow-adjusted concentration dur-
<br />ing the period of record. Based on the monthly time series
<br />of streamflow and dissolved-solids load, irrigation-return
<br />flows increased until about 1966 and since then have re-
<br />mained relatively stable.
<br />Big Sandy River at Gasson Bridge, near Eden, Wyo. (site 28)
<br />Site 28 (table 3, pl. 1) is about 10 mi downstream from
<br />site 27. Streamflow is similar at the two sites but averages
<br />21 ft3/s greater at site 28 (fig. 15D) because of irrigation-
<br />return flows that enter the stream by seepage through shallow
<br />aquifers. Mean annual dissolved-solids load increased from
<br />82,000 tons at site 27 to 163,000 tons at site 28 (table 7).
<br />Dissolved sodium and sulfate composed 82 percent of the
<br />increased dissolved-solids load. The mean annual dissolved-
<br />sulfate load of 100,000 tons almost equaled the dissolved-
<br />sulfate load of the Green River at site 25, with a drainage
<br />area of 4,280 mil, compared to only 1,720 mil at site 28.
<br />Bitter Creek above Salt Wells Creek, near Salt Wells, Wyo. (site 29)
<br />The headwaters of Bitter Creek are not in a moun-
<br />tainous region but are in a semiarid area along the southwest
<br />border of the Great Divide Basin. Consequently, streamflow
<br />of Bitter Creek at site 29 (table 3, pl. 1) has only a modest,
<br />early snowmelt-runoff season (fig. 15E). The stream dries
<br />up during the summer, except after thunderstorms, which
<br />produce short, intense flood peaks. Thunderstorms decrease
<br />as the weather cools during September, and the creek general-
<br />ly is dry through the winter months. The flow-weighted
<br />dissolved-solids concentration averaged about 1,300 mg/L
<br />during 1977-81 (table 7). Chemical composition, as in the
<br />Big Sandy River, is predominantly sodium and sulfate dur-
<br />ing all seasons. The proportions of dissolved sodium and
<br />chloride are larger and the proportions of dissolved calcium
<br />and sulfate are smaller than in Big Sandy River. There is
<br />no significant water use upstream from site 29. Downstream
<br />from the site, Salt Wells Creek converges with Bitter Creek,
<br />increasing streamflow and dissolved-solids concentration
<br />before the creek empties into the Green River. Lowham and
<br />others (1982) described the water chemistry of Salt Wells
<br />Creek in detail. They reported that the dissolved-solids con-
<br />centration ranges from 100 mg/L in the headwaters to 3,000
<br />mg/L near the mouth.
<br />Green River near Green River, Wyo. (site 30)
<br />Site 30 (table 3, pl. 1) is about 50 mi downstream from
<br />Fontenelle Dam, 0.1 mi downstream from Bitter Creek, and
<br />4 mi upstream from the high-water line of Flaming Gorge
<br />Reservoir. Samples for water-quality analyses are collected
<br />upstream from the streamflow-gaging station and Bitter
<br />Creek. The seasonal pattern of streamflow has been altered
<br />slightly by regulation of flow at Fontenelle Reservoir (fig.
<br />15F). The predominant ions are calcium and bicarbonate dur-
<br />ing the snowmelt-runoff season (May through August).
<br />Calcium, sodium, and sulfate predominate during the re-
<br />mainder of the year. The flow-weighted dissolved-solids con-
<br />centration averaged 309 mg/L during 1964-83 (table 7).
<br />The site was evaluated for annual step trends caused
<br />by Fontenelle Dam. The period of record was separated into
<br />preintervention (1952-63) and postintervention (1964-83)
<br />periods. The postintervention period generally has had larger
<br />streamflow, but because of the variability from year to year,
<br />the annual step trend in streamflow was not significant. The
<br />step-trend analysis indicated a significant increase in annual
<br />dissolved-solids load of 118,000 tons, a 26-percent change
<br />from the preintervention median load (table 4). Most of this
<br />increase was attributable to changes in sodium and sulfate
<br />loads, possibly from dissolution of minerals from the bank
<br />material of Fontenelle Reservoir and from increased
<br />dissolved-solids loads from the Big Sandy River. Monthly
<br />step trends indicated that streamflow and dissolved-solids
<br />load increased during the low-flow season because of releases
<br />from Fontenelle Reservoir (fig. 16). However, they did not
<br />decrease during the high-flow season because of the generally_
<br />larger flows during the postintervention period, especially
<br />during 1983.
<br />For the preintervention period, annual monotonic-trend
<br />analyses indicated a marginally significant decrease in
<br />dissolved-solids load of 15,600 tons/yr. This trend represents
<br />a 34-percent decrease in the median annual load during the
<br />12-year period. This trend may be related to climate; several
<br />years of high streamflow occurred early in the period. No
<br />statistically significant annual monotonic trends were detected
<br />for the postintervention period.
<br />Blacks Fork near Lyman, Wyo. (site 31)
<br />Blacks Fork, upstream from site 31 (table 3, pl. 1),
<br />drains the northern slopes of the Uinta Mountains (fig. 2).
<br />Despite large tracts of irrigated land, flow regulation was
<br />not begun until late 1981 (Meeks Cabin Dam), and the
<br />streamflow hydrograph indicates a well-defined snowmelt-
<br />runoff peak during June (fig. 15G). The flow-weighted
<br />dissolved-solids concentration averaged 697 mg/L during
<br />1963-83 (table 7). The predominant ions are sodium and
<br />sulfate throughout the year. Dissolved sodium and sulfate
<br />compose 70 percent of the dissolved-solids load during the
<br />low-flow season. This chemical composition is affected by
<br />return flow from irrigated land underlain by Cretaceous and
<br />Tertiary shale. No statistically significant trends were in-
<br />dicated for the period of record.
<br />Blacks Fork near Little America, Wyo. (site 32)
<br />The streamflow at site 32 (table 3, pl. 1) includes the
<br />streamflow at site 31 plus the streamflow of Hams Fork and
<br />Upper Green Subregion 37
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